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題名：兒童對小心夾手安全標誌設計認知與創作之研究
書刊名：International Journal of Digital Media Design
作者：張美春
作者(外文)：Chang, Mei-chun
出版日期：2019
卷期：11:2
頁次：頁47-58
主題關鍵詞：安全標誌；兒童繪畫；圖形認知；圖形表徵；繪畫投射技術；Safety signs；Children's drawing；Pictographs recognition；Graphic representation；Projective techniques
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本研究目的以兒童運用繪畫來設計安全標誌之結果，來作為日後安全教育的參考，研究以問卷繪畫調查法，針對89位國小7至9歲兒童進行調查。主題為台北捷運車門張貼的「小心夾手」安全標誌，步驟有二，一為兒童對安全標誌的設計表現，請兒童在畫紙上畫出具有「小心夾手」的圖形；二為安全標誌的訪談，針對圖像造形的意義進行訪談，最後根據以上調查的圖像結果，進行分類與分析。結果發現：（1）整體7至9歲兒童對繪畫主題分為「門縫夾手」與「手被夾到」，兒童們傾向以「門縫夾手」表達最高（53.0%），以「手被夾到」次之（47.0%）；（2）不同的年齡的選擇，7歲兒童以「門縫夾手」（56.0%）為主，8歲兒童以「門縫夾手」圖像（71.0%）為主，9歲兒童則以「手被夾到」（64.0%）為主；（3）就年齡的比較，9歲兒童對8歲兒童有明顯的差異（p=.038＊），7歲和9歲兒童表達上較為接近，8歲兒童表現比較集中；（4）就表徵的圖形觀察，年齡低的兒童傾向簡單、象徵性，年齡較高的兒童傾向複雜、情境的表現；（5）就圖形的表徵，兒童在意的是「人物哭泣」與「手被夾到的疼痛」。期望此研究結果，能提供教學者融入課程，協助兒童從小來認識環境的危險處，讓安全圖像達到有效的警告功能。
The purpose of this study was to use the results of children's design recognition of safety signs, with drawings used as reference for future safety education. This study surveyed 89 pupils aged between 7 and 9 through a questionnaire survey. The theme was the safety sign of ＂mind your hands＂, as posted on the doors of Taipei Metro. There were two steps. (1) Children's design of the safety sign: children were asked to draw the figures of ＂mind your hands＂; (2) interviews regarding the safety sign: the children were interviewed about the meanings of the pictures. In the end, classification and analysis were made based on the results of the above survey. The results show that: (1) the drawing themes of all children were divided into ＂Watch Out for Door Pinches＂ and ＂mind your hands＂; 8-year-old children mainly drew the pictures of ＂Watch Out for Door Pinches＂ (71.0%), 9-year-old children mainly drew the pictures of ＂mind your hands＂ (64.0%), and 7-year-old children mainly drew the pictures of ＂Watch Out for Door Pinches＂ (56.0%); (2) in terms of themes, children tended to choose ＂Watch Out for Door Pinches＂ (53.0%), while ＂mind your hands＂ took second place (47.0%); (3) in terms of ages, there were obvious differences (P=0.038*) between 9-year-old children and 8-year-old children, 7-year-old children and 9-year-old children were similar in expression, and 8-year-old children had concentrated performance; (4) in terms of picture representation, younger children tended to choose simple and symbolic representation, while older children tended to choose complicated and contextual representation; (5) in terms of the graphic representation of ＂mind your hands＂, the children were concerned that ＂the character was crying＂ and ＂the hand got pinched＂. This study expects that the results can be used as reference for the design of safety signs by designers and teachers. Moreover, it is suggested that the results are included in teaching content, in a bid to help children recognize environmental dangers and give full play to the warning role of safety pictograms.
期刊論文
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3.Kindler, Anna M.、Darras, Bernard(1998)。Culture and development of pictorial repertoires。Studies in Art Education，39(2)，147-167。  new window
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5.Seideman, R. Y.、Hutchison, B.、Buckner, S. K.、Myers, S. T.、Miller-Boyle, D.、Macrobert, M.、Heath, S.(1998)。The response of children to disaster。Maternal Child Nursing: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing，23(1)，37-44。  new window
6.陳格理(19971200)。圖書館的標示系統。臺北市立圖書館館訊，15(2)，11-31。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.王安祥、林暉順、陳明德(20021100)。禁止型交通標誌設計對於駕駛人主觀偏好及在不同行車速度下視覺績效的影響。工業工程學刊，19(6)，105-115。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.張美春、林芳穗、劉雪芬(20110600)。學齡前兒童對警告圖像表現之研究。科技學刊. 人文社會類，20(1)，17-26。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.童秋霞、謝宜伶(20110600)。學齡前兒童之森林意象--以中部地區兒童爲例。鄉村旅遊研究，5(1)，53-74。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.張悟非(19920500)。從"認知心理"的觀點來探討"視覺資訊設計"的方向。明志工專學報，24，163-174。  延伸查詢new window
11.Barraza, L.(1999)。Children's drawings about the environment。Environmental Education Research，5(1)，49-67。  new window
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16.Laughery, K. R.、Wogalter, M. S.(2008)。On the symbiotic relationship between warnings research and forensics。Human factors，50(3)，529-533。  new window
17.Looman, W. S.(2006)。A developmental approach to understanding drawings and narratives from children displaced by Hurricane Katrina。Journal of Pediatric Health Care，20(3)，158-166。  new window
18.Neff, E. J.、Beardslee, C. I.(1990)。Body knowledge and concerns of children with cancer as compared with the knowledge and concerns of other children。Journal of Pediatric Nursing，5，179-189。  new window
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20.Trollvik, Anne、Nordbach, Reidun、Silén, Charlotte、Ringsberg, Karin C.(2011)。Children's Experiences of Living with Asthma: Fear of Exacerbations and Being Ostracized。Journal of Pediatric Nursing，26(4)，295-303。  new window
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會議論文
1.Smith, A. C.(2009)。Symbols for children's tangible programming cubes: an explorative study。The 2009 Annual Conference of the Southern African Computer Lecturers' Association。ACM。105-109。  new window
2.Vukelich, M.、Whitaker, L. A.(1993)。The effects of context on the comprehension of graphic symbols。The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting。Los Angeles, California：SAGE Publications。511-515。  new window
學位論文
1.林美玲(2006)。引導性圖像介面與幼兒認知關係研究--以互動遊戲光碟為例(碩士論文)。雲林科技大學，雲林縣。  延伸查詢new window
2.楊穎枝(1994)。兒童的鄰里環境意象之研究(碩士論文)。逢甲大學，臺中。  延伸查詢new window
3.錢真珠(2011)。臺灣醫藥袋圖像符號標示系統之建置設計(碩士論文)。樹德科技大學，高雄市。  延伸查詢new window
4.劉純如(2001)。博物館館舍資訊服務系統之使用性研究--以國立自然科學博物館為例(碩士論文)。東海大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.蕭春金(1999)。兒童造形表現之比較研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣科技大學，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
6.張美春(2015)。學齡前兒童對不能玩火警告圖形設計之研究(博士論文)。國立雲林科技大學，雲林。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.郭慧芬(2014)。平板電腦中幼教軟體圖像隱喻之適切性研究(碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學，臺中。  延伸查詢new window
8.陳思帆(2010)。國小學童繪圖軟體介面圖像設計創作與研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
9.葉志逸(2015)。新竹市國小學生步行交通安全教學成效之研究(碩士論文)。國立交通大學，新竹。  延伸查詢new window
10.劉雪芬(2016)。運用圖像於幼童燒燙傷事故教學之有效性研究(博士論文)。國立雲林科技大學，雲林。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.陸雅青(1992)。藝術治療。臺北：心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Malchiodi, C. A.(1998)。Understanding children's drawings。New York：Guilford Press。  new window
3.Vygotsky, Lev S.(1986)。Thought and Language。Cambridge, Massachusetts：MIT Press。  new window
4.Wickens, Christopher D.(1992)。Engineering Psychology and Human Performance。New York, NY：Harper Collins Publishers Inc.。  new window
5.黃臺生、馮正民(1992)。捷運車站建築計畫準則研究。中華民國內政部建築研究所。  延伸查詢new window
6.Marcus, A.(1992)。Graphic design for electronic documents and user interfaces。  new window
7.Papalia, Diane E.、Olds, Sally Wendkos、Feldman, Ruth Duskin(1990)。A child's world: Infancy through adolescence。McGraw-Hill。  new window
單篇論文
1.Kalsher, M. J.，Brantley, K. A.，Wogalter, M. S.，Snow-Wolff, J.(2000)。Evaluating choking child pictorial symbols。  new window
其他
1.(2019)。標誌基本要素，https://www.dorts.gov.taipei/cp.aspx?n=C57DC08F3928742E。  new window
圖書論文
1.Rice Berg, V. J.、Lueder, R.(2008)。Designing products for children。Ergonomics for Children: Designing Products and Places for Toddlers to Teens。London：Taylor and Francis。  new window
 
 
 
 
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