本研究以歸因分析探討行為者與觀察者對違犯行為的判斷是否有差異。根據公正理論，當違犯情境愈不公正，行為者愈歸因於外在因素。實驗一以臺大一、二年級學生一百二十一名為受試者，讓他們評量五個假設的情境的公正程度、情緒評價及歸因傾向。結果發現：情境愈不公正，行為者與觀察者的歸因差異愈大，且與本研究假設符合；情境愈公正，行為者與觀察者的差異愈小。兩組在公正知覺情緒評價並無分化現象。實驗二以臺大一、二年級學生八十八名為受試者，以電視錄影方式呈現，重複實驗一，但加入處罰...不處罰的情況，並測量其因應反應。結果顯示，實驗二的情緒評價與歸因傾向與實驗一一致，同時發現，受處罰組的行為傾向於自懲，而觀察者傾向於寬容；無處罰組的行為者傾向於自我防衛，而觀察者傾向於懲罰。部份結果支持公正理論，但各變項之間的關係較原先的假設更複雜。

　　　　　Based on justice theory, attribution theory, appraisal and coping theory, two experiments were conducted to investigate the differences in attributional and coping responses between the actor and the observer under different cheating situations. The hypotheses were: (1) The actor would attribute his cheating behavior to some external causes as a way of self-defense, whereas the observer to some internal causes as a way of restoring justice. (2) The more unjust the cheating situations, the larger the differences in attribution between the actor and the observer. (3) The actor tended to adopt palliative responses to relieve his psychological stress, whereas the observer tended to adoptactive responses to restore his feeling of justice. In Experiment 1,121 college students were instructed to role play as either actor or the observer under five different cheating situations. The results confirmed the first hypothesis mentioned aboveand this finding was interpreted as a supportive evidence of the justice theory. In Experiment 2, two cheating situations each with an actor and an observer, in one of them the actor was punished andin the other he was not, were presented through video tape to 88 college students and the subjects were asked to infer the causes of the actor's cheating behavior and his coping responses. The major findings were: (1) The actor's tendency of external attribution was higher than the observer's. (2) Under the punishment situation, the actor tended to be perceived as more self-derogating andthe observer as more forgiving, under the nonpunishment situation, the actor was perceived astending to defend himself by denial and self-perservational responses and the observer as tending to punish the actor by criticism and derogatory remarks, these findings were interpreted as partially support of the justice theory.