In retrospect, the origin of Taiwan's librarianship started from the type “public library” in 1901. At that time, although Taiwan was dominated by Japan, many public libraries were still established widespreadly, and they were supervised by the Taiwan President Government Library.
After World War II, the government of Republic of China recovered and rebuilt the Taiwan from 1945. The: Taiwan’s librarianship, however, was influenced by critical national situation and fell into difficulty. That is during 1945-1949, a few public libraries survived but with little effectiveness.
The goal of this article is to research the early history of public libraries in Taiwan from 1901 to 1949, and to emphasized how important it was and what status it was in Taiwan's librarianship. According to the experiences, I wish the librarianship of Taiwan will be more prosperous in the future.