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題名:消息來源與新聞價值--報紙如何報導「許歷農退黨」效應
書刊名:新聞學研究
作者:蘇蘅 引用關係
出版日期:1995
卷期:50
頁次:頁15-40
主題關鍵詞:消息來源新聞價值許歷農退黨
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(2) 專書(2) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:164
     記者報導新聞,有時為了符合媒介組織的目標和利益,可能對某些消息來源和報導內容產生偏好,不同消息來源又可決定不同的新聞價值。本研究以Kepplinger(1989)的「工具性實現」(instrumental actualization)的概念,探討記者是否根據工作媒體的編輯常模(editorial norms)和政治立場「製造新聞」,方式之一為選擇消息來源來代替記者陳述意見。 前退輔會主任委員許歷農於民國82年11月24日臺灣省縣市長選舉投票前夕,突然宣布「退出國民黨,本研究以四家報紙-中國時報、聯合報、自由時報和自立早報於民國82年11月25日至27日間,對許歷農「退出國民黨事件」的報導做個案分析,探討三個問題:一、此政政敏感事件發生時,四家報紙記者採訪那些消息來源?二、新聞媒體會不會因為立場不同,引述不同消息來源的說法?這些消息來源反映那些新聞價值?三、這些消息來源確實因其具有新聞價值而受訪?或是因為支持報紙特定立場才受訪? 研究結果發現: 一、國民黨為此新聞中最受重視的消息來源,中時、聯合、自由三報均重視,自立早報對國民黨和民進黨的消息來源均重視,可反映該報一貫政治立場。聯合報的國民黨和許歷農消息來源比例為四報中最高;榮民眷村的消息來源以自由時報比例最高。 二、此事件報導出現不少匿名消息來源,自由和中時匿名消來源都超過三成,自由時報匿名來源更接近四成,以國民黨和榮民的消息來源匿名比例最高。 三、新聞價值方面,中時和聯合都重視「後果」,即此事對選舉結果的影響,但自由和自立較強調事件的及時性。 四、中時、聯合和自立對國民黨的報導多維持中立、自由時報較偏好國民黨,引述消息來源中,四成五對國民黨有利。 五、四報多把此事當作選舉活動一部分來報導,但不可否認許歷農效應仍具有高度省籍意識意涵在內,聯合報的新聞報導觸及這個角度,自?時報則以連續三天的社論談論「許效應」。 本研究發現,新聞記者會藉消息來源傳達特殊立場,因此總結認為,記者選擇某些消息來源,應設法釐清「選擇新聞」或「選擇觀點」兩者,才不致誤導讀者。
     This paper using Kepplinger's "instrumental actualization" compares the inclusion of preferred news sources in the news coverage of the effect of Li Nun Hsu's defection from KMT in four dailies during prefectural and mayoral elections in Taiwan, 1993. The editorial treatment of this critical event in four Taiwan newspaper showed a great differences among main sources quoted, anonymous sources used and news values choosed. KMT sources were especially prominent in four dailies' news coverage except that the Liberty Times showed much higher frequencies of coverage in favor of KMT. There is no denial that Hsu's Defection from KMT was a sensitive ethnic distinction issue during the election, and any discussion about it would cause some agitation. Understanding the difficulty, the United Daily News was the only newspaper that dared report from this angle. The author concludes that the perception of newspapers editorial policy can influence reporters in their quoting sources and choosing news values.
期刊論文
1.Bridges, Janet(1989)。News Use on the Front Pages of the American Daily。Journalism Quarterly,66,332-337。  new window
2.Buonanno, Milly(1993)。News-Values and Fiction-Values: News as Serial Device and Criteria of 'Fictionworthiness' in Italian Television Fiction。European Journal of Communication,8,177-202。  new window
3.Corrigan, Dennis M.(1990)。Value Coding Consensus In Front Page。Journalism Quarterly,67,653-662。  new window
4.Foote, Joe S.、Steele, Michael E.(1986)。Degree of Conformity in Lead Stories in Early Evening Network TV Newscasts。Journalism Quarterly,63,19-23。  new window
5.Funkhouser, G. R.(1973)。Trends in Media Coverage of the Issues of the '60s。Journalism Quarterly,50,533-538。  new window
6.Hagen, Lutz M.(1993)。Opportune Witnesses: An Analysis of Balance in the Selection of Sources and Arguments in the Leading Germany Newspapers' Coverage of the Census Issue。European Journal of Communication,8,317-343。  new window
7.Hallin, D. C.、Macini, P.(1984)。Political Structure and Representational Form in US and Italian TV News。Theory and Society,13(40),829-850。  new window
8.Luttbeg, Norman R.(1988)。News Consensus: Do U. S. Newspapers Mirror Society's Happenings?。Journalism Quarterly,60,484-488+578。  new window
9.Weiss, H. J.(1992)。Public Issue and Argumentation Structures: An Approach to the Study of the Contents of Media Agenda-setting。Communication Yearbook,15。  new window
10.Molotch, H.、Lester, M.(1979)。News as purposive behavior: On the strategic use of routine, events, accidents, and scandals。American Sociological Review,39(1),101-112。  new window
11.Eberhard, W. B.(1982)。"News Value" Treatments are Far from Consistent among Newswriting Texts。Journalism Educator,37(1),9-11+50。  new window
12.Breed, W.(1955)。Social control in the newsroom: A functional analysis。Social Forces,33(4),326-335。  new window
13.Galtung, Johan、Ruge, Mari Holmboe(1965)。The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba, and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers。Journal of Peace Research,2(1),64-90。  new window
圖書
1.Altheide, D. L.(1985)。Media Power。Beverly Hills, CA:London:Sage。  new window
2.Altheide, D.、Johnson, J.(1980)。Bureaucracy Propaganda。Boston:Allyn & Bacon。  new window
3.Altheide, D. L.、Snow, R. P.(1979)。Media Logic。Beverly Hills, CA:London:Sage。  new window
4.Biagi, Shirley(1992)。Interviews That Work: A Practical Guide for Journalists。Belmont, CA.:Wadsworth Publishing Company。  new window
5.Brooks, Brian S.、Kennedy, George、Moen, Daryl R.、Ranly, Don(1980)。News Reporting and Writing。New York:St. Martin's Press。  new window
6.Burken, Judith L.(1979)。Introduction to Reporting。Dubuque, Iowa:William C. Brown。  new window
7.Charnley, Blair、Charnley, Mitchell V.(1979)。Reporting。New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston。  new window
8.Cook, T. E.(1989)。Making Laws and Making News: Media Strategies in the U. S. House of Representatives。Washington, DC:Brookings Institution。  new window
9.Fishman, J.(1980)。Manufacturing News。Austin, TX:University of Texas Press。  new window
10.Gans, R.(1979)。Deciding What's News。New York:Free Press。  new window
11.Graber, D.(1976)。Verbal Behavior and Politics。Urbana, IL:University of Illinois Press。  new window
12.Hallin, D. C.(1986)。The Uncensored War: The Media and Vietnam。New York:Oxford。  new window
13.Hetherington, A.(1985)。News, Newspapers and Television。London:Macmillan。  new window
14.Hohenberg, John(1978)。The Professional Journalist。New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winstom。  new window
15.Lippman, W.(1922)。Public Opinion。New York:Harcourt Brace。  new window
16.Nacos, Brigitte Lebens(1990)。The Press, Presidents and Crises。New York:Columbia University Press。  new window
17.Rothman, S. Robert(1986)。The Media Elite。Bethesda, MD:Adler and Adler。  new window
18.Sheehan, Paul V.(1972)。Reportorial Writing。New York:Chilton Book Co.。  new window
19.Gitlin, Todd(1980)。The Whole World Is Watching: mass media in the making and unmaking of the new left。University of California Press。  new window
20.McQuail, Denis(1992)。Media Performance: Mass Communication and the Public Interest。Sage Publications。  new window
21.McQuail, Denis(1994)。Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction。Sage。  new window
22.Tuchman, Gaye(1978)。Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality。Free Press。  new window
23.Bell, Allan(1991)。The Language of News Media。Oxford:Blackwell。  new window
圖書論文
1.翁秀琪(1994)。消息來源與新聞記者的自主性探討:談新聞記者聯誼會的功能。新聞學與術的對話。台北:政大新聞所。  延伸查詢new window
2.Blumler, Jay G.、Gurevitch, Michael(1982)。The Construction of Election News: An Observation Study at the BBC。Individuals in Mass Media Organizations: Creativity and Constraint。Newbury Park, CA:Sage。  new window
3.Davis, Dennis K.、Robinson, John P.(1986)。News Story Attributes and Comprehension。The Main Source: Learning From Television News。Beverly Hills, CA:Sage。  new window
4.Galtung, Johan、Ruge, Mari(1981)。Structuring and Selection News。The Manufacture of News。Beverly Hills:Sage。  new window
5.Gurevitch, Michael、Levy, Mark R.(1986)。Information and Meaning。The Main Source: LearningFrom Television News。Beverly Hills, CA:Sage。  new window
6.Hall, S.(1973)。The Determination of News Photographs。The Manufacture of News。London:Constable。  new window
7.Hallin, D. C.(1986)。The American News Media: A Critical Theory Perspective。Critical Theory and Public Life。Cambridge, MA:MIT Press。  new window
8.Lang, K.、Lang, G. E.(1972)。The Unique Perspective of Television and Its Effect: A Pilot Study。Mass Communications。Urbana:University of Illinois Press。  new window
9.Koszyk, Kurt、Prause, Jurgen(1990)。Regionalzeitungen aus dem Ruhrgebiet im Bundestagswahlkampf 1986/87。Wahlen und Wahler, Analysen aus Anlas der Bundestagswahl 1987。Opladen:Westdeutscher。  new window
10.Levy, Mark R.、Robinson, John R.、Davis, Dennis K.(1986)。News Comprehension and the Working Journalist。The Main Source: Learning From Television News。Beverly Hills, CA:Sage。  new window
11.Schudson, Michael(1991)。The Sociology of News Production Revisited。Mass Media and Society。New York:Edward Arnold。  new window
12.Windhauser, John W.、Evarts, Dru Riley(1991)。Watching the Campaigns on Network Television。The Media in the 1984 and 1988 Presidential Campaigns。New York:Greenwood Press。  new window
13.Meyers, Renee A.(1992)。Public issues, agenda-setting, and argument: A theoretical Perspective。Communication Yearbook。Sage。  new window
 
 
 
 
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