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題名：學校危機的理念和管理:多元觀點的分析
書刊名：Education Journal
作者：鄭燕祥／伍國雄
作者(外文)：Cheng, Yin-cheong／Ng, Kwok-hung
出版日期：1997
卷期：25:1
頁次：頁1-23
主題關鍵詞：學校危機
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:27
　　　　　發生於學校內、外環境的意外事故，直接或間接的威脅到學校的發展。危機為學 校帶來可見及不可見的種種損害，往往將學校的處境推向一個難於理解及控制的局面，為免 這種災難性的局面發生，有關人士日益重視學校危機的理解和管理；不過，有深度的研討仍 屬不多，一般多只限於危機個案的描述。本文探討學校危機的特徵，指出其不穩定性及潛存 性；究其成因，可分為物理、情境、道德責任及規範等四種；其所引致的後果，除帶來學校 內人身、物質、責任、聲譽及教育等「客觀性損害」外，更具有「主觀性損害」的效應。不 同的危機情景，相應的管理內容及方法也會不一樣。本文嘗試探討學校危機管理的涵義、原 則及實踐的方法，提出強化學校的不同功能有助預防及控制危機。筆者就學校危機的發展模 式，提出一些重要的通則，嘗試整理出包括預防、控制及善後處理的管理措施。以多元的觀 點去理解學校危機，應有助加深我們對不同類別危機的認識，希望對學校管理和發展，作出 一點貢獻。
　　　　　Responding to the emerging need for comprehensive understanding of the nature and impacts of different types of crises happening in schools, this paper aims to provide a framework of multiple perspectives to analyse and understand the characteristics of school crisis and propose different strategies and procedures to manage it. The potential causes and consequences of school crises are classified and analysed in order to provide a basic understanding of crisis issues in schools. Mainly based on the different paradigms of management, five perspectives including the structural perspective, the human relation perspective, the political perspective, the cultureal perspective, and the learning perspective are proposed to be used to understand, conceptualize and practise school crisis management. The theoretical framework and strategies proposed in this paper should be helpful to school practitioners in practice and academics in research.
期刊論文
1.Siegel, D.(1991)。Crisis management: The campus responds。Educational Record，72(3)，14-16。  new window
2.Wassom, J.(1995)。Turning bad press into prestige。Child Care Information Exchange，101，69-72。  new window
3.Egelhoff, W. G.、Sen‚ F.(1992)。An Information--Processing Model of Crisis Management。Management Communication Quarterly，5(4)，443-485。  new window
4.Van de Grift, W.(1990)。Educational leadership and academic achievement in elementary education。School Effectiveness and School Improvement，1(3)，26-40。  new window
5.Dodgson, M.(1993)。Organizational Learning: A Review of Some Literature。Organization Studies，14(3)，375-394。  new window
6.Lichtenstein, R.、Schonfeld, D. J.、Kline, M.(1994)。School crisis response: Expecting the unexpected。Educational Leadership，52(3)，79-83。  new window
7.Benson, J. A.(1988)。Crisis revisited: An analysis of strategies used by Tylenol in the second tampering episode。Central States Speech Journal，39(1)，49-66。  new window
8.Moriarty, A.、Maeyama, R. G.、Fitzgeral, P. J.(1993)。A clear plan for school crisis management。NASSP Bulletin，77(552)，17-22。  new window
9.Sturges, David L.(1994)。Communicating through Crisis: A Strategy for Organizational Survival。Management Communication Quarterly，7(3)，297-316。  new window
10.Bolman, L. G.、Deal, T. E.(1992)。Leading and managing: Effects of context, culture, and gender。Educational Administration Quarterly，28(3)，314-329。  new window
11.Bloom, R. B.(1992)。When staff members sexually abuse children in residential care。Child Welfare，71(2)，131-146。  new window
12.Caudle, M.(1994)。When crisis strikes。Executive Educator，16(11)，18-23。  new window
13.Caylor, M. J.(1991)。Trial by fire (and tornado) taught us to plan for crises。Executive Educator，13(2)，22-24。  new window
14.Chu, L.。Insurance and risk management at the National Outdoor Leadership School。Outdoor Network Newsletter，1(7)，6-7。  new window
15.Davies, J. S.(1990)。Crisis management: Working with the media。Camping Magazine，62(6)，30-34。  new window
16.Dennison, J. D.(1987)。Universities under financial crisis: The case of British Columbia。Higher Education，16(2)，135-143。  new window
17.Dunne-Maxim, K.、Underwood, M.(1991)。Keeping afloat in suicide's wake。School Administrator，48(5)，21-25。  new window
18.Eggen, J. D.、Mackenzie, R. A.(1987)。Managing crises。School Business Affairs，53(7)，22-23。  new window
19.Extent, T.(1991)。Preferences, and consequences of crisis intervention training for teachers。An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology，11(2)，143-150。  new window
20.Fernandez, J. A.(1993)。Predicting the fall。Executive Educator，15(4)，20-22。  new window
21.Flecker, S. A.(1990)。Getting out the inside story。Currents，16(9)，38-43。  new window
22.Foley, C. F.(1986)。Dealing with crises: One principal's experience。NASSP Bulletin，70(494)，46-51。  new window
23.Frisby, D.、Beckham, J.(1993)。Dealing with violence and threats of violence in the school。NASSP Bulletin，77(552)，10-15。  new window
24.Guth, David W.(1995)。Organizational crisis experience and public relations roles。Public Relations Review，21(2)，123-136。  new window
25.Hoverland, H.(1986)。The crisis prevention analysis model. New Directions for Higher Education, No. 55。Crisis Management in Higher Education，14(3)，33-41。  new window
26.Hoggan, D.、Hofman, W. H. A.(1995)。The P.L.A.C.E. crisis intervention model: Emotional first-aid. Cross-level relationships within effective schools。School Effectiveness and School Improvement，6(2)，146-174。  new window
27.Hewes, D. W.(1988)。When shaming fingers point: Dealing with negative publicity。Child Care Information Exchange，67，3-6。  new window
28.Johnson, B. C.(1989)。How to take charge before and after tragedy strikes。Camping Magazine，61(6)，15-19。  new window
29.Johnson, D.、Sellnow, T.(1995)。Deliberative rhetoric as a step in organizational crisis management: Exxon as a case study。Communication Reports，8(1)，54-60。  new window
30.Raffan, J.(1984)。Images for crisis management。Journal of Experiential Education，7(3)，6-10。  new window
31.Schuster, J. H.、Kerchner, C. T.(1983)。The uses of crisis: Guidelines for school leaders。Independent School，43(2)，23-31。  new window
32.Sellnow, T. L.、Ulmer, R. R.(1995)。Ambiguous argument as advocacy in organizational crisis communication。Argumentation and Advocacy，31(3)，138-150。  new window
33.Smiar, N. P.(1992)。Cool heads: Crisis management for administrators。Child Welfare，71(2)，147-156。  new window
34.Snyder, T. D.(1993)。When tragedy strikes。Executive Educator，15(7)，30-31。  new window
35.Ziolkowsky, G. A.、Willower, D. J.(1991)。School superintendents, crisis management and institutional organisations theory。Journal of Educational Administration，29(2)，50-60。  new window
36.Hallinger, P.、Murphy, J. F.(1987)。Assessing and developing principal instructional leadership。Educational Leadership，45(1)，54-61。  new window
37.Sergiovanni, Thomas J.(1984)。Leadership and excellence in schooling。Educational Leadership，41(5)，4-13。  new window
會議論文
1.Cheng, Y. C.(1996)。The meaning and management of school crisis。Annual seminar of the Hong Kong Catholic Diocese Schools，(會議日期: 28 May)。Hong Kong。  new window
圖書
1.Cheng, Y. C.(1996)。The pursuit of school effectiveness: Research, management and policy。Hong Kong：The Hong Kong Institute of Educational Research of the Chinese University of Hong Kong。  new window
2.Bolman, L. G.、Deal, T. E.(1991)。Reframing Organization: Artistry, Choice and competing demands of high performance。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。  new window
3.鄭燕祥(1995)。學校的功能與效能。香港：廣角鏡。  延伸查詢new window
4.DeWitt, R. C.(1989)。Effective crisis management at the smaller campus。Pennsylvania State University Beaver Campus。  new window
5.Herman, J. J.(1994)。Crisis management: A guide to school crises and actions taken。Thousand Oaks, CA：Corwin Press, Inc。  new window
6.Regester, M.(1989)。Crisis mangement: What to do when the unthinkable happens。Courier International Ltd。  new window
7.Cheng, Y. C.(1996)。School effectiveness and school based management: A mechanism for development。The Falmer Press。  new window
8.Yukl, Gary A.(1994)。Leadership in Organizations。Prentice-Hall。  new window
 
 
 
 
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