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題名:功績制度新詮:美國人事制度革新之啟示
書刊名:空大行政學報
作者:江岷欽
作者(外文):Chiang, Min-chin
出版日期:1998
卷期:8
頁次:頁47-76
主題關鍵詞:文官再造功績制度行政倫理企業型政府法定禁止作為之人事措施赫奇法案改革修正案Gentleman systemMerit systemPublic sector reformReinventingGovernmentSpoils systemVolcker commission
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(4) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
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     文官制度設立的主要目的有三: 第一、協助政府甄補合格優秀的人才服務公職;第二、培訓公務人力,獎優懲劣;第三、設定公務機關的組織原則與法令,規範公務人力作為,達成政府所設定之目標。文官制度不僅是執行公共政策的主要機關,更是政府鞏固政權正當性與合法性的關鍵機制。因此,文官制度能否堅守功績制用人原則,成為文官能力與政權合法性及正當性之泰階。 本文以美國功績制政策的歷史動態分析為經,以現代化民主精神為緯,試圖構築功績制政策之時代新意。美國的功績制,彷彿是以無數「飽受煎熬的靈魂」組裝而成的拼圖,在漫長孤寂的等待中,隱然成形;藉由迦菲爾總統的血祭,具體顯影;最後在道德的光環下,浮現原型。本文以美國的功績制政策的發展為權輿;佐以相關之輔助措施,例如一九九三年「赫奇法案改革修正案」及一九九四年「公務人員之倫理操守典則」;最後,提出功績制政策之時代新意,應具備五項特質。 這五項特質,係依功績才能(merit)之英文字首定位而成:第一、市場導向之理念(market-based),第二、行政倫理之重視(ethical), 第三、適時回應之態度(responsive),第四、衝突管理之能力(interdependent),以及第五、轉型再造之認知(transformational)。
     The development of modern public serivces depends not so much as upon technical complexity and advancement as upon competitive human resources with competence and commitment. With the increasing emphasis on intellectual capital, human resources with competitive virtues in the public sector are primarily based on merit system. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical developments of U.S. merit system, from gentleman system, spoils system to existing merit system, and its significant progression toward present echelon at respective phrase. The paper begins with the impact of early political context on civil services, followed by the emergence of spoils system, and concludes with constructive suggestions on merit system in the future civil services.
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