文章使用2014年中國計劃生育家庭發展追蹤調查數據，分析0~5周歲兒童意外傷害狀況，特別關注母親特征及其照護的作用。研究發現，兒童個人特征是顯著影響兒童意外傷害發生率和多種類型意外傷害發生率的重要因素。母親擁有大專及以上教育程度有助于降低兒童意外傷害發生率;相比較母親務農的孩子，母親非農就業和未就業的孩子的意外傷害發生可能性均顯著更低;母親年齡越大，兒童越不可能發生多種類型意外傷害。主要由母親照料的情形下，兒童的意外傷害發生可能性會顯著下降。研究還針對全面兩孩政策普遍實施背景下女性家庭和工作的沖突進行了討論，指出增強父親的照料參與，同時加強兒童友好型的社會撫幼設施建設，將有助于兼顧家庭發展與兒童保護。

Drawing upon the 2014 survey data on China’s Family Planning Families,this paper studies unintentional injuries of children at age 0 ~ 5,focusing on effects of mother’s characteristics and of mother as main caregiver.Results show that children’s personal characteristics are important factors that significantly influence incidence rate of overall unintentional injuries and of multiple types of unintentional injuries.The rate is significantly lower when the children’s mother has college or above educational level; compared with farming mothers’ children,children whose mother with an non-agricultural job or with no job have significantly lower rate; the older the mothers,the less likely their children suffer from multiple types of unintentional injuries; the probability of children suffer from unintentional injuries would drop if mother is the main caregiver.The work-family conflict of mothers is discussed under the background of implementation of the two-child fertility policy.Increasing fathers’ participation in child’s care and improving social childcare facilities would contribute to family development and children protection,as well as reducing care burden of mothers and of grandparents.