Because the need of Taiwanese educational research and the interest in Marxist approach in sociology of education, this thesis studies Bowles & Gintis*s reproduction theory. Its research methods consist of historical method, theory analysis method, and content analysis and so on. Its purposes are as follows:1.To clarify the backgrounds and origins of Bowles & Gintis*s thought. 2.To dissect their thought of political economy. 3.To analyze and evaluate their reproduction theory.4.To analyze and evaluate their educational thought.5.To put forward the conclusions and inspirations. Its conclusions are as follows:1.The change of educational system relates to the transformation of economy, but the economy is not the only one factor. And the economic importance depends on the society. 2.Social relations of education do not entirely correspond to social relations of work. 3.The phenomena of class reproduction are really existent, but the economy is not the only one factor.4.Human development would be the main purpose of education.5.Curriculum and teaching are ignored.6.Educational reform should be a part of social reconstruction.7.Educational discourse should contain economic democracy. For Taiwan, its inspirations are as follows:1.To further investigate the relations between education and economy.2.Any educational reform should consider the problem of class reproduction. 3.To further investigate the situations of student in the school.4.Educational reform should be a part of social reconstruction.5.To apply conflict approach to Taiwanese educational research.