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題名：企業文化,策略性能力與外部因果模糊之關係--競爭優勢持續觀點的研究
作者：黃文宏
作者(外文)：Huang Wen-hung
校院名稱：國立成功大學
系所名稱：企業管理學系
指導教授：陳正男
學位類別：博士
出版日期：1999
主題關鍵詞：文化多元化；策略性能力；因果模糊；能力特性；cultural diversity；strategic capability；causal ambiguity；capability traits
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本論文旨在探討能力特性與與優勢持續力所繫之因果糢糊間的關聯，因此，將能力特性、企業文化特性、因果模糊和潛在節制變項整合成一可驗證的架構，是本研究之首要任務。其次，再由分析中整理出能力特性和企業文化是否足堪擔當強化不完全模仿性的大任。
以資源本位理論、競值文化和組織學習等相關概念為基礎，本研究發展出一套包含六大自變項在內的外部因果模糊模式。計有能力正式化、可察性、複雜性、系統相依性、文化多元化和均衡性等，分別代表企業之特定能力及一般能力，用來解釋因果模糊在投入產出和結構性等兩項構面上的差異。環境不確定感和對手吸收機制則作為節制能力特性與外部因果模糊關係的主要變項。
資料經信度與效度驗證後，路徑分析結果顯示並非各項能力特性均與因果模糊有關。在投入產出模糊方面，它和對手吸收機制、文化多元化兩兩之間均呈負向關聯，而能力正式化則有顯著的正向模糊效應。對手吸收機制的節制作用是不顯著的，但是，環境不確定感卻顯著影響到能力可察性之模糊效應的產生與否。在環境不確定感為中低水平以下時，可察性會出現負向的模糊效應。
複雜性及系統相依性則是影響結構性模糊的主要特性，兩者均有正向效應存在。同時，也更進一步發現節制變項的作用。當環境不確定感處於極度不確定時，複雜性的正向效應會消失。正式化則是隨著環境不確定感的逐步揚昇，而顯示出它的負向影響。而且，可察性所能產生的模糊效應，也隨著環境不確定感的變化而有正反不同的效果出現。當環境不確定感為中低水平以下時，可察性會有正向效應，反之則有負向效應。對手吸收機制之節制作用並不顯著，不過，它對投入產出模糊而言是極具影響力的一個因素。
This dissertation examined causal ambiguity from an advantage sustainability perspective. The primary objective was to develop and test a framework, which integrates capability traits, cultural traits, causal ambiguity and two candidate moderators, competitor’s absorptive mechanism and perceived environmental uncertainty. A second objective was to rule out the feasibility of using cultural approach to strengthen the imperfect imitability of strategic capability.
A model was developed using the fundamentals of resource-based theory, competing values, and organizational learning. The model identified six independent variables that affect external causal ambiguity. These are formalization, observability, complexity, system dependency, cultural diversity, and cultural balance. The six variables predict two dimensions of causal ambiguity: I/O ambiguity and structural ambiguity. Both perceived environmental uncertainty and competitor’s absorptive mechanism were specified as moderators that moderate the relationship between capability traits and causal ambiguity.
The results collected from mailed survey show that not all capability traits are related to external causal ambiguities. Both competitor’s absorptive mechanism and cultural diversity are negatively related to I/O ambiguity. However, formalization is positively related to I/O ambiguity. No interaction effects are found with competitor’s absorptive mechanism, but perceived environmental uncertainty is significantly interacted with observability. The negative impact of observability will be shown when perceived environmental uncertainty is below the average.
Both complexity and system dependency are strongly positively related to structural ambiguity. The moderating effects of perceived environmental uncertainty are confirmed further. The positive effect of complexity is vanished when a firm faces an extremely uncertain environment. The negative effect of formalization is emerging while perceived environmental uncertainty becomes higher. Besides, the effect of observability is moving reversely to perceived environmental uncertainty. The effect of observability is positive when perceived environmental uncertainty is below the average, but a negative effect is emerged when perceived environmental uncertainty is above the average. Although competitor’s absorptive mechanism is not a significant moderator, its main effect on I/O ambiguity is most determinant.
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