任務環境、組織結構與組織效能之關係__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

:::

詳目顯示

第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆

/1頁

來源文獻資料
摘要
外文摘要
引文資料

題名：	任務環境、組織結構與組織效能之關係
書刊名：	中山管理評論
作者：	何雍慶
出版日期：	1994
卷期：	2:4
頁次：	頁21-54
主題關鍵詞：	環境；組織結構；組織效能；Environment；Organizational structure；Organizational effectiveness
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:44

　　環境對企業經營的績效有相當大的影響，環境中又以任務環境對企業的影響最直接。這些任務環境個體的穩定性、資源多寡、單約或複雜等均對企業組織結構之分工、集權程度、規章制度等有所關聯，進極影響企業經營之績效。　　本研究是以民國79~82年之變化作縱斷面的分析，研究任務環境、組織結構與組織效能這三大變數間的關係。其中任務環境個體是以供應商、經銷商或客戶、競爭廠商、金融機構為研究對象，探討此四者之環境三構面（包容性、複雜性、變動性）的變化;組織結構是採正式化、集權化、複雜化三構面來衡量；組織效能分二方面：一是財務性效能指標，以銷售成長率（SGR）與投資報酬率（ROI）為代表，一是非財務性效能指標標，以彈性－適應能力來衡量。目前台灣製造業中之各企業所面臨之任務環境在近幾年已呈變化，例如從較穩定邁向較為動態、資源趨向稀少、環境從單純向複雜；為回應環境的改變，企業的組織結構亦經一番調整，以求能與任務環境有最好的搭配，追求組織技能的提昇。本研究主要在探討我國企業面對不同的任務環境，採用何種組織結構，而其效能如何。　　本研究之研究方法係採結構性問卷調查訪問法，研究對象是台灣地區所有的製造業，採便利抽樣方式，將問卷寄達各企業負責人或高層主管，並針對部分廠商進行深度訪談。訪談及問卷回收之資料，以SAS套裝軟體為分析之工具，分析的方法則以t檢定和變異數分析為主。研究結果有以下幾點發現: 　　1.任務環境趨於有利時，企業組織結構之正式化程度增高，複雜化程度亦增加，唯集權化程度無顯著差異。反之，任務環境趨於不利時，企業組織結構之正式化、複雜化程度降低，集權化程度無顯著差異。　　2.任務環境之包容性、複雜性分別與組織結構之正式化、複雜化程度都有顯著差異，但與集權化程度無顯著差異；任務環境之變動性對組織結構正式化、集權化、複雜化程度三者皆無顯著差異。　　3.任務環境趨於有利時，財務效能明顯地較高，高彈性－適應能力也與任務環境之有制呈正相關；所以總設施亦與環境的變動呈同方向之反應，足見任務環境與組織起能二者間有顯著相關。　　4.組織結構的調整，其結果立即反應在組織的技能上，特別是在彈性適應能力指標上；任務環境變動則與財務效能有顯著的相關。但任務環境、組織結構的配合與組織技能的差異卻不顯著。　　5.由迴歸分析得到製造業整體之逐步迴歸方程式如下: 　　　　Y = -1.897020+ 0.171453X1 + 0.110319X2 + 0.303458C3 其中y=財務效能 X1 =任務環境包容性 X2=任務環境變動性 X3=組織結構複雜化程度由此逐步迴歸方程式可得知：財務技能分別受任務環境與組織結構的影響，但不受任務環境、組織結構交互作用的影響。　　以逐步迴歸分析可知，對中小企業之財務效能最有解釋力的三個變數為：任務環境包容性、組織結構複雜化與正式化程度。對中大企業之財務效能最有解釋力的變數為：任務環境包容性。　　所得之迴歸方程式均顯示：任務環境包容性在不同規模的企業與整體製造業都有解釋力。所以任務環境包容性對故能而言是最重要的一項解釋變數。

以文找文

　　Managing a business has been largely affected by the changing environment around the business. In details， environment can be classified into two major parts: one is direct environment and the other is indirect environment. Direct environment plays a vital role in running business because business must make decisions after considering the effects of organizational environment. And organization structure- formalization， complexity, centralization is also having much to do with the performance of the business. Thus, the pivotal emphasis of this study is concerned with how the task environments and organization structure affect the organizational effectiveness. 　　In recent years. the task environments of Taiwan’s businesses are facing enormous Changes such as availablc resources are getting more and more scarcity and faced environments also become more complex and dynamic. This study takes the viewpoint of dynamic to deal with the situation that businesses in Taiwan should take what organization structure under a turbulent environment and how the organizational effectiveness is. Finally our objective in this study arc to understand why small and medium businesses in Taiwan get so well. 　　Through a series of personal interview、mail survey and statistics analysis, this study concluded the following findings: 　　(1) When task environments tend to advantage to a business, the organization structure becomes more formal and complex, but centralization is still the same. 　　(2) When task environments become advatage to a business, the performance of financial and nonfinancial is good. In this study nonfinancial performance includes flexibility and the speed of adjustment. 　　(3) From the results of the study, we know centralization is having no change to small and medium business in Taiwan. Consequently, if businesses adequently adjust organization in formalization and complexity, they will have a good performance. 　　　　(4) The interaction between task environments and organization structure is not significant to organizational effectiveness. 　　(5) Adjusting organizational structure will difectly respond to organizational effectiveness. And the changing task environments affect directly to financial performance.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Argyris, Chris(1973)。Personality and Organization Theory Revisited。Administrative Science Quarterly，18(2)，141-167。
2.	Jacobs, David(1974)。Dependency and vulnerability: an exchange approach to the control of organizations。Administrative Science Quarterly，19(1)，45-59。
3.	Castrogiovanni, G. J.(1991)。Environmental Munificence: A Theoretical Accessment。Academy of Management Review，16(3)，542-565。
4.	Dess, Gregory G.、Beard, Donald W.(1984)。Dimension of Organizational Task Environment。Adminiatrative Science Quarterly，29，268-279。
5.	Dill, William R.(1958)。Environment as an Influence on Manegerial Autonomy。Administrative Science Quarterly，2(4)，409-443。
6.	Boeker, Warren(1991)。Organizational Performance and Adaption: Effects of Environment and Performance on Changes in Board Composition。Academy of Management，34(4)，805-826。
7.	Pugh, D. S.、Hickson, D. J.、Hinings, C. R.、Turner, C.(1968)。Dimension of Organization Structure。Administrative Science Quarterly，13，65-91。
8.	Jerald, Hage、Dewar, R. Elite(1973)。Value Versus Organizational Structure in Predicting Innovation。Administrative Science Quarterly，18，365-382。
9.	Cameron, Kim S.、Zammuto, R. F.(1983)。Matching Managerial Strategies to Condition of Decline。Human Resource Management，22，359-375。
10.	Anderson, Theodore、Warkov, Seymour(1961)。Organization Size and Functional Complexity: A Study of Administration in Hospitals。American Sociological Review，26(1)，23-28。
11.	Hickson, D. J.、Pugh, D. S.、Pheysey, D. C.(1969)。Operational Technology and Organization Structure: An Empirical Reappraisal。Administrative Science Quarterly，14(3)，378-397。
12.	Meyer, Marshall W.(1972)。Size and the Structure of Organizations: A Causal Analysis。American Sociological Review，37(4)，434-440。
13.	Geeraerts, Guy(1984)。Effect of Ownership on the Organizational Structure in Small Firms。Administrative Science Quarterly，1984(June)，232-237。
14.	Haveman, Heather A.(1992)。Between a Rock and A Hard Place: Organizational Change and Performance Under Conditions of Fundamental Transformation。Administrative Science Quarterly，37(1)，48-75。
15.	Grether, E.(1970)。Industrial organization: past history and future problems。American Economic Review，60，83-89。
16.	Fraser, D.、Rose, P.(1976)。Static and dynamic measures of market structure and the performance of commercial hanks。Journal of Economics and Business，1976(Winter)，79-87。
17.	Gabel, H. Landis(1979)。A simultaneous equation analysis of the structure and performance of the United States petroleum refining industry。Journal of Industrial Economics，28(1)，89-104。
18.	Miller, Danny(1992)。Environment: Fit vs. Internal Fit。Organization Science，3(2)，280-308。
19.	Pennings, Johannes(1975)。The Relevance of a Structure-Contingency Model for Organizational Effectiveness。Administrative Science Quarterly，20，393-410。
20.	Duncan, Robert B.(1972)。Characteristics of Organizational Environments and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty。Administrative Science Quarterly，17(3)，313-327。
21.	Staw, Barry M.、Sandelands, Lance E.、Dutton, Jane E.(1981)。Threat-Rigidity Effects in Organizational Behavior: A Multilevel Analysis。Administrative Science Quarterly，26(4)，501-524。
22.	Kimberly, John R.(1976)。Organizational Size and The Structuralist Perspective: A Review, Critique, and Proposal。Administrative Science Quarterly，21(4)，571-597。
23.	Pugh, D. S.、Hickson, D. J.、Hinings, C. R.、Turner, C.(1967)。The Context of Organizational Structures。Administrative Science Quarterly，14(1)，91-114。
24.	Blau, Peter M.(1970)。A Formal Theory of Differentiation in Organizations。American Sociological Review，35(2)，201-218。
25.	Yasai-Ardekani, Masoud(1989)。Effects of environmental scarcity and munificence on the relationship of context to organizational structure。Academy of Management Journal，32(1)，131-156。
26.	Mason, E. S.(1939)。Price and Production Policies of Large-scale Enterprises。American Economic Review，29(1)，61-74。
27.	Phillips, A.(1976)。A critique of empirical studies of relations between market structure and profitability。Journal of industrial Economics，24，241-249。
28.	Ruekert, Robert W.、Walker, Orville C. Jr.、Roering, Kenneth J. Jr.(1985)。The Organization of Marketing Activities: A Contingency Theory of Structure and Performance。Journal of Marketing，49(1)，13-25。
29.	Child, John(1975)。Managerial and Organizational Factors Associated with Company Performance Part II--A Contingency Analysis。Journal of Management Studies，12(1/2)，12-27。
30.	Steers, Richard M.(1975)。Problems in the measurement of organizational effectiveness。Administrative Science Quarterly，20(4)，546-558。

研究報告
1.	Porter, Michael E.(1977)。Market structure, strategy formulation and firm profitability: the theory of strategic groups and mobility barriers。Boston：Graduate School of Business, Harvard University。

學位論文
1.	Hunt, M. S.(1972)。Competition in the Major Home Appliance Industry 1960-1970(博士論文)。Harvard University。

圖書
1.	Leavitt, Harold J.(1964)。Managerial psychology: an introduction to individuals, pairs, and groups in organizations。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。
2.	Robbins, Stephen P.(1990)。Organization Theory: Structures, Designs, And Applications。Englewood Cliffs, N. J.：Printice-Hall Inc.。
3.	Lawrence, Paul R.、Lorsch, Jay W.(1967)。Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration。Boston Mass：Division of Research, Harvard Business School。
4.	Thompson, James D.(1967)。Organization in action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory。New York：McGraw-Hill Book Company。
5.	Burns, Tom、Stalker, G. M.(1961)。Mechanistic and Organic Systems.From The Management of Innovation。London：Tavistock Publications。
6.	Kotler, Philip(1991)。Marketing Management: Planning, Implementation and Control。New Jersey：Printice-Hall, Inc.。
7.	Burns, Tom、Stalker, G. M.(1961)。The Management of Innovation。London：Tavistock Publications。
8.	Campbell, John P.(1974)。The Measurement of Organizational Effectiveness: A Review of Relevent Research and Opinion, Final Report, 1974。Minneapolis：Personnel Decisions。
9.	Caves, R.(1977)。American Industry: Structure, Conduct, Performance。New Jersey：Prentice-Hall。
10.	Vernon, J.(1972)。Market Structure and Industrial Performance: A Review of Statistical Findings。Boston：Allyn and Bacon。
11.	Porter, Michael E.(1979)。The contributions of industrial organization to strategy formulation: a promise beginning to be realized。Atlanta：National Academy of Management Meetings。
12.	Weber, Max、Henderson, A. M.、Parsons, Talcott(1964)。The Theory of Social and Economic Organization。New York：The Free Press of Glencoe。
13.	Dalton, Gene W.、Lawrence, Paul R.、Lorsch, Jay W.(1970)。Organizational Structure and Design。Homewood, Ill.：Richard D. Irwin, Inc.：Dorsey Press。
14.	Hall, Richard H.(1982)。Organization: Structure and Process。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice-Hall, Inc.。
15.	Likert, Rensis(1967)。The human organization: its management and value。New York：McGraw-Hill。

圖書論文
1.	Compbell, John P.(1977)。On the Nature of Organizational Effectiveness。New Perspectives on Organizational Effectiveness。San Francisco：Jossey Bass。
2.	Weiss, L.(1971)。Quantitative studies of industrial organization。Frontiers of Quantitative Economics。London：North-Holland。
3.	Newman, H.(1973)。Strategic groups and the Structure-Performance Relationship: A Study With Respect to the Chemical Process Industry。Business Economics Committee。Harvard University。
4.	Miner, John(1979)。Commentary。Strategic Management。Boston：Little, Brown & Company。

推文
推薦
引用網址
引用嵌入語法
轉寄

top

:::

相關期刊
相關論文
相關專書
相關著作
熱門點閱

1.	策略、組織結構與環境對管理會計資訊系統的特徵與績效之影響
2.	因應外在環境變動之組織結構調整與人力資源規劃策略之研究

1.	臺灣檢察組織評核指標之建構---以組織動態能耐為觀點
2.	博物館組織結構、管理模式與組織效能關係之研究
3.	企業文化,策略性能力與外部因果模糊之關係--競爭優勢持續觀點的研究

無相關書籍

無相關著作

無相關點閱

QR Code

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

詳目顯示

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫