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題名:國民小學校長提升學校競爭優勢策略之研究
作者:林來利
作者(外文):Lin, Lai-Li
校院名稱:國立臺北教育大學
系所名稱:教育經營與管理學系
指導教授:鄭崇趁
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2012
主題關鍵詞:國民小學校長競爭優勢策略elementary schoolprincipalcompetitive advantagestrategy
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在探討國民小學競爭態勢現況、學校競爭優勢層次,並進而建構校長提升學校競爭優勢之策略及分析校長對於競爭優勢策略之運用頻率。
本研究首先採用訪談調查研究法,以半結構式訪談大綱,立意取樣臺北市、新北市及桃園縣各5所具有高度競爭優勢之公立國小共15位校長進行訪談。接著,根據訪談調查歸納之成果,編擬問卷,普查臺北市、新北市及桃園縣全體532位公立國小校長,計得有效問卷401份,實際可使用率為75.38%,問卷採用平均數、標準差、t考驗、單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行資料分析與處理。最後,依據訪談及問卷調查之分析結果,歸納出主要研究發現,輔以文獻探討資料,進行綜合討論後作成以下結論:
壹、在學校競爭優勢策略之意涵與理論基礎方面
一、提升學校競爭優勢符應國際潮流與在地需求。
二、學校競爭優勢的意涵融合企業策略管理理論與教育價值。
三、企業策略管理理論提供學校競爭優勢策略之基礎。
四、國內博碩士論文對於中小學學校競爭優勢之研究均持肯定結論。
五、歐美及中國大陸對於學校競爭優勢之探究侷限於高等教育。
六、國內外有關學校競爭優勢之研究均以企業策略管理理論為基礎。
貳、在學校競爭態勢現況及競爭優勢層次方面
一、當前國民小學競爭壓力與日俱增,需要不斷提升學校競爭優勢,其中臺北市較新北市及桃園縣更為顯著。
二、市區與中大型學校校長對學校需不斷提升競爭優勢之感受最為明顯。
三、學校競爭優勢展現在校務經營之行政管理、教師專業、課程教學、環境營造、資源統整、組織文化及學生成就等七大層面上。
四、學校競爭優勢可分為基礎優勢、核心優勢與表徵優勢等三大層次,基礎優勢係指行政管理、組織文化、環境營造與資源統整,核心優勢為教師專業與課程教學,表徵優勢則是學生成就。
五、大型學校校長較重視基礎優勢,新北市校長較重視核心與表徵優勢。
參、在校長有效提升學校競爭優勢策略方面
一、校長之策略必須兼顧企業策略管理理論目標與學校實際運作方式。
二、從本土脈絡中建構校長提升學校競爭優勢策略,包含策略思維、策略執行與策略智慧。
三、策略思維包括「脈絡說」與「規劃說」兩大策略,其中脈絡說是校長策略思維的首要關鍵。
四、策略執行則有「信賴說」、「論述說」及「參與說」等三大策略,其中信賴說是校長策略執行的核心關鍵。
五、策略智慧係指「決斷說」、「氣度說」、「精簡說」與「頓悟說」四大策略,而氣度說是校長策略智慧的基礎前提。
肆、在校長對於競爭優勢策略運用頻率方面
一、校長在策略思維的運用頻率上,會因不同校長性別、校長年齡而有顯著差異。
二、校長在策略執行的運用頻率上,會因不同校長年齡、學校所在區域、學校歷史而有顯著差異。
三、校長在策略智慧的運用頻率上,會因不同校長性別、校長學歷、校長年齡、校長年資、學校所在區域、學校規模、學校歷史而有顯著差異。
四、女性校長在策略思維與策略智慧的運用頻率上顯著高於男性校長。
五、市區及老校校長在策略執行與策略智慧的運用頻率上顯著較高。
六、年齡較長校長在策略思維、策略執行與策略智慧的運用頻率上顯著高於年輕校長。
另依據研究結論,提出具體建議,以俾提供教育行政機關、國小校長、校長培育儲訓機構及未來研究參考。
This study examines the current situation and different levels of competitive advantages among elementary schools, and how the principals use various strategic approaches to promote their schools’ competitive advantage.
The author first adopted the interview survey approach and selected by purposive sampling a total of fifteen principals of the elementary schools with high competitive advantage in Taipei City, New Taipei City and Tao-Yuan County as the target group for this research project. The author then adopted the semi-structured interview outline and survey analysis approach to interview the fifteen principals of the said target group respectively. Based on the above-mentioned analysis results, the author then designed a questionnaire and conducted a general survey accordingly to all the 532 principals of the elementary schools in Taipei City, New Taipei City and Tao-Yuan County. A total of 401 effective questionnaires were collected, with an overall feedback rate at 75.38%. Results of the collected questionnaires were then analyzed by various methods, including the mean value, standard deviations, t test, and one-way ANOVA. Finally, with the analyzed data from the collected questionnaires along with the researches and information acquired from the interviews, the following conclusions are reached:
I. The implications and theories on school competitive advantage
1.The principals should take the global trend and local needs into consideration in the process of promoting schools’ competitive advantages.
2.The meaning of school competitive advantage can be defined as a combination of theory of business strategic management and education values.
3.The theory of business strategic management can be served as a basis for developing the school competitive advantage strategy.
4.All the available related academic literature in Taiwan on the same topic as this research project reached positive conclusions.
5.The researches on school competitive advantage conducting by the European, U.S. and mainland Chinese authors focused mainly on the higher education.
6.All the researches on school competitive advantage, home and abroad, had referred to the theory of business strategic management.
II. The current situation and different levels of school competitive advantage
1.Facing with increasing pressure of competition among elementary schools, it is imperative that the principals promote their schools’ competitive advantages. It is more significant for schools in Taipei City than those in New Taipei City and Taoyuan County.
2.The principals of elementary schools, which are of medium to large size and are located in the city, feel most urgent to promote the school competitive advantage.
3.The competitive advantages of a school can be demonstrated on the following seven dimensions: administration management, professionalism of faculty, teaching and curriculum design, environment creation, resource integration, organization culture, and accomplishment of students.
4.The competitive advantages of a school consist of three dimensions: fundamental, core and symbolic advantages. The fundamental advantages include administration management, organization culture, environment creation, and resource integration. The core advantages include professionalism of faculty and teaching and curriculum design. Finally, the symbolic advantages include accomplishment of students.
5.The principals of large-size elementary schools attach greater importance on the fundamental advantages, while the principals in New Taipei City focus more on the core and symbolic advantages.
III. The different strategies principals use to effectively promote school competitive advantages
1.When adopting a strategic approach, the principal should take into consideration both the objectives of theory of business strategic management and the practical daily operation of their schools.
2.The principals can promote their schools’ competitive advantages by building up a strategy based on local context. The strategy includes three elements: strategic thinking, strategic implementation, and strategic wisdom.
3.Strategic thinking includes two elements: localization and planning. Localization is the essential key to a principal’s strategic thinking.
4.Strategic implementation includes three elements: trust, persuasion, and participation. Trust is the essential key to a principal’s strategic implementation.
5.Strategic wisdom includes four elements: judgment, compatibility, integration, and innovation. Compatibility is the essential key to a principal’s strategic implementation.
IV. The frequency of how principals adopt different strategies to promote school competitive advantages
1.In terms of frequency of practice in strategic thinking, the factors of principal’s gender and age may make significant differences.
2.In terms of frequency of practice in strategic implementation, the factors of principal’s age, school’s location, and school’s history may make significant differences.
3.In terms of frequency of practice in strategic wisdom, the factors of principal’s gender, education, age, seniority, school’s location, school’s size, and school’s history may make significant differences.
4.The female principals practice strategic thinking and strategic wisdom more frequently than the male ones.
5.The principals who serve at schools located at city area or historical schools practice strategic implementation and strategic wisdom more frequently.
6.The older principals practice strategic thinking, strategic implementation, and strategic wisdom more frequently than the younger ones.
Based on the research results, the author also made suggestions for the reference of various education administrative authorities, principals of elementary schools, incubation and training institutes for principals, and researches in the future.
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