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題名：台灣地區主要食品完整逆需求體系之研究
作者：楊適如
作者(外文)：Shih-Ju Yang
校院名稱：國立臺灣大學
系所名稱：農業經濟學研究所
指導教授：蕭清仁
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2002
主題關鍵詞：食品；逆需求體系；價格伸縮係數；規模伸縮係數；food；inverse demand system；price flexibility；scale flexibility
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本文目的在於分析台灣地區主要食品在食品數量改變時的價格反應，亦即逆需求分析，藉以提供決策單位在貿易自由化下農業政策規劃與釐定之參考。本文以1971年至2000年台灣地區25種主要食品之需求相關資料，採用美國農業部高級研究專員黃國雄先生所發展之固定伸縮係數模型，並加入齊次性、對稱性及規模加總性等參數限制，推估主要食品逆需求體系受補償參數共650個，另於樣本期間進行價格的模擬，除蔬菜類外，模擬結果良好。受補償參數包括25個食品自身價格伸縮係數、600個交叉價格伸縮係數及25個規模伸縮係數。25種食品自身價格伸縮係數皆為負值（除米外），符合一般對食品消費型態的認知。將前述之受補償參數透過一連結式可得未受補償參數，本文受補償與未受補償自身價格伸縮係數相當接近，表示所蒐集為均衡狀態的資料，以完整需求分析叫部分或單一需求分析為佳。此外，本文認為各食品間存在替代或互補的交叉關係，因此逆需求體系中的自身價格伸縮係數與一般需求體系的價格彈性並非存在倒數關係。換句話說，台灣食品的價格，除受本身數量影響外，易受其他產品數量的影響。因此貿易自由化後，即使僅開放某些產品進口，不僅影響該產品的價格，對其它產品價格也有相當程度的影響，這是農政單位在制訂進出口或增減產決策時不可忽略的。
The purpose of this paper is the response of the price when the quantity of the food change. That is, inverse demand system. Taiwanese agricultural institutions can use the results from this paper when drafting agricultural policies. The price and quantity data used in this paper obtained by magazines which edited by agricultural institutions. This paper applies the constant flexibility model that developed by K. S. Huang, and add the conditions of homogeneity, symmetry, and scale aggregate, to estimate 650 compensated parameters in inverse demand system. The simulation of price during 1971 to 2000 are perfect, except vegetables. The compensated parameters include 25 direct-price flexibilities, 600 cross-price flexibilities, and 25 scale flexibilities. All of direct-price flexibilities are negative, except rice, that satisfy expectation. Uncompensated parameters translate from compensated parameters by linkage equation. Both of them are almost equal in this paper. It imply data which used in this paper are at equilibrium state, and the complete demand analysis is better than partial or single demand analysis. The paper consider that it exist cross relationship between these food. So the direct-price flexibilities in inverse demand system are not reciprocal of the direct-price elasticities in ordinary demand system. After entering WTO, if imported-food were opened not only affects its price but also effect prices of others.
林啟淵，1997。「台灣地區肉品逆需求體系之研究」，經濟論文，25卷，2期，251-267。new window
洪景彬，2000。「台灣地區食品完整需求體系之研究」，台灣大學農業經濟研究所博士論文。new window
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