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題名:綠色供應鏈之廠商績效研究:以台灣資訊電子產業為例
作者:詹淑清
作者(外文):Chan, Shu-Ching
校院名稱:國立臺北大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
指導教授:方文昌
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:環境管理經濟績效風險管理能力資訊管理能力R&D能力environmental managementeconomic performancerisk management capabilityinformation management capabilityR&D capability
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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環境管理對經濟績效的影響究竟是正面還是負面,過去學者的研究尚未有一致肯定的答案。有鑒於近年來歐盟等先進國家推動的環保法令對資訊電子產業影響最大,本研究以台灣資訊電子製造商為研究對象,研究價值在於分別由綠化供應商、環境管理等級及環境管理策略類型三個面向,探討環境管理與經濟績效間的關係。實證資料來自於問卷調查,共郵寄1,564份問卷,回收294份有效問卷,回卷率22.76%。
首先,透過層級干擾迴歸分析結果顯示:綠化供應商活動本身不利於經濟績效,但若廠商的風險管理能力、資訊管理能力或R&D能力比競爭者強,則綠化供應商所帶來的經濟績效會較競爭者佳。其次,透過因素分析、歐幾里得距離平方的計算與成對檢定,本研究產生四個環境管理等級,迴歸分析結果顯示:(1) 第一級環境管理(製程環保與教育宣導)因國內對於廢料、廢水與廢氣的排放,已有明確的罰則與執行成熟的法令規範,在這方面的努力,除了可以使廠商免除觸犯法令支付環保罰鍰,亦可以免除因居民抗爭所帶來之溝通與協調成本,和管末處理比較起來,源頭污染的防治可以使廠商以較低的成本達到對環境的承諾,故在「製程環保與教育宣導」做得愈徹底完整的廠商,愈能有比競爭者優異的經濟績效表現。(2) 第二級(節能與生態設計)與第三級(供應商管理)環境管理,相對於第一級環境管理,對業者而言,是新的且必須面對的挑戰,考驗的是廠商的權變能力。當下為符合這兩項環保規範,廠商必須支付額外巨額的環保成本,對經濟績效有負面影響。(3)第四級(生命共同體)環境管理,是依目前業者的環境管理活動所產生的最高境界的環境管理構面,可謂領導者之行為。本研究實證結果顯示,在生命共同體階段做得愈完整的廠商,其經濟績效之表現將比競爭者佳。最後,以集群分析法產生的策略群,經迴歸分析結果顯示:高環境承諾型廠商若能搭配較競爭者強的R&D能力,則能從環境承諾行動中獲取較佳的經濟績效表現。
以上實證結果的管理意涵為:(1)在環境法規的牽制下,即使廠商都必須作環境管理,都必須再額外承擔高額的環境成本,只要競逐者擁有環境管理活動必要的關鍵能力,還是有從競爭市場勝出的機會。(2) 有兩種廠商能從環境管理取得競爭優勢,一種是主動積極,能領先同業將環境管理作到最高境界的廠商;一種是能掌握關鍵能力,應用關鍵能力適時權變的廠商。
Environmental protection directives developed by European Union have greatly influenced the information technology industry. However, previous researches have not found a clear relationship between environmental management and firms’ economic performance. This research studies this relationship and analyzes in the three dimensions: the greening of suppliers, the levels of environmental management, and the environmental management strategy. Originally, 1,564 questionnaires were sent out. The results are based on 294 valid returned samples (22.76%).
First, based on the consequence of hierarchical moderated regression analysis, this research indicates that the greening the suppliers’ activities has no bearing on their economic performance. However, if the producers’ capabilities in risk management, information management, or R&D are better than those of their competitors, then the performance brought by the greening the suppliers are also better than those of their competitors. A further statistical analysis generates a four level environmental management structure: 1. Environmental protection policies in the production process and education: the first has been enacted by regulations and enforced with monetary punishments in Taiwan. Producers execute environmental policies to prevent fines, and to reduce the cost of neighbors’ protests. Preventing pollution helps reduce the producers’ end-of-pipe pollution cost. Consequently, producers with environmentally superior production processes and education enjoy a better economic performance than those of their competitors. 2. Energy saving and Eco-design, and the 3. Managing the suppliers are relatively two new levels of environmental management. They test the producers’ environmental adaptability. If the producers comply with both levels, they incur in an extra larger business cost. Therefore, their profits suffer. 4. Ecosystem friendly: the results indicate that producers adopting a leading position in environmental protection’s activities, thus fully living in an eco-friendly community, also enjoy a better economic performance.
These empirical results show:(1)Although the implementation of environmental management will increase the business cost, those firms with advanced environmental management activities can gain competitive advantages. (2)There are two kinds of producers who can gain advantages from environmental management. One is the producer who can implement a top environmental policy. Another one is the producer with key capabilities that allow them to adapt to environmental regulations.
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