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題名:政府管制對企業創新之影響:以台灣生物科技產業為例
作者:張國偉 引用關係
作者(外文):Kuo-Wei Chang
校院名稱:世新大學
系所名稱:行政管理學研究所(含博、碩專班)
指導教授:葉一璋
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:政府管制管制政策企業創新生物科技產業階層迴歸Government RegulationRegulatory PolicyCorporate InnovationBiotechnology IndustryHierarchical Multiple Regression
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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政府管制已成為今日最普遍的公共行政手段之一,如Rosenbloom (1998) 所言,公共行政是立法、行政、司法部門對社會進行全面或部分管制或提供服務的過程;換角度言之,政府的功能正是以「管制」與「服務」過程加以呈現。服務與管制實呈現一體兩面,管制雖是政府對部分標的人口進行干預與限制,但亦是對另一部分的人提供服務。
政府管制的類別大致可區分為「經濟管制」(economic regulation)、「社會管制」(social regulation)與「行政管制」(administrative regulation)等三大類(OECD, 1997)。管制可以改變遊戲規則,進而影響產業或企業的創新程度與競爭力;近年來有文獻指出,企業廠商為了遵循政府的經濟或社會管制,在具體行為上必須改變,這可能使企業產生莫大的成本壓力;但另一方面,有些企業卻從政府管制中取得競爭力與獲利能力;因此,政府管制會影響企業創新的方向與步伐。然而,管制會促進創新?還是阻礙創新?的確是個有趣且有待釐清之研究問題。
本文透過回顧「政府管制」與「企業創新」的相關研究文獻,用以建構測量管制強度與企業創新度的主觀指標架構以及測量題項,並以生物科技產業的從業人員為發放問卷之對象。共回收294份有效問卷,並且採用SPSS18.0統計視窗軟體作為統計分析的工具,針對樣本資料做了如下的分析方法:描述性統計、T檢定分析、單因子變異數分析與事後多重比較、皮爾森相關分析,以及階層迴歸分析等方法。研究結果發現:一、政府管制強度對企業創新具有影響力;二、企業組織規模對企業創新具有影響力;三、企業組織規模對政府管制與企業創新之間的關係具有干擾效果。最後提出「政府管制」與「企業創新」未來在研究上以及實務上之建議。
Government regulation has now become one of the most popular means of public administration. As Rosenbloom (1998) says that “public administration is the use of managerial, political, and legal theories and processes to fulfill legislative, executive, and judicial governmental mandates for the provision of regulatory and service functions for the society as a whole or for some segments of it,” the major function of government is epitomized by “regulation” and “service.” That is, the government intervenes in the part of the target groups through regulations, and at the same time it provides some service for another.
Government regulation can be divided into three categories, i.e., “economic regulation”, "social regulation”, and "administrative regulation” (OECD, 1997). Regulation could in essence, change the rules of games, and, in turn affect the innovation and competitiveness of industries or enterprises. While there are literatures indicating that firms incur great cost in order to comply with the government's economic or social regulations, some have also suggest that businesses (firms) achieve competitiveness and profitability through government regulation.
Government regulation can affect the direction and pace of the innovation on one hand and business innovation can prompt the government to give impetus to regulatory reform on the other hand. Therefore, the main contents of this study are as follows: (1) examining the relationship between the “government regulation” and “corporate innovation” through literature review; (2) constructing “the questionnaire of the government regulation intensity and the corporate innovativeness” as the tool of measurement; (3) the survey data is analyzed by the SPSS18.0, and the analysis methods consist of frequency distribution, T test, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation and hierarchical multiple regression.
The results of hierarchical multiple regression are as follows: (1) “government regulation” is significantly related to “corporate innovation”; (2) firm size exhibits moderating effects between “government regulation” and “corporate innovation”. Finally, based on empirical findings, some policy suggestions are proposed accordingly.
參考書目
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四、文件
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經濟部生技醫藥產業發展推動小組(2012),《中華民國生物技術與製藥工業簡介》,台北:經濟部工業局。

五、網站
朱奕安(2011),〈54.5mpg拍板定案,歐巴馬宣佈2025年新油耗標準〉,車壇新聞,http://news.u-car.com.tw/14559.html,2012/1/15。

貳、西文部分
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