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題名：本地及新移民母親教養行為特性與幼兒回應母親要求之追蹤研究
作者：李麗雯
作者(外文)：Li-Wen Lee
校院名稱：國立中正大學
系所名稱：心理學所
指導教授：黃世琤
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2009
主題關鍵詞：教養；新移民；幼兒；new immigrant；toddler；parenting
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究有兩個目的，第一是以追蹤方式探討五十四組本地、大陸與東南亞籍母親對幼兒的教養與互動行為以及幼兒行為反應之差異，第二是以階層迴歸分析追蹤家庭變項、母親的教養行為與親子互動行為對幼兒完成作業反應與回應母親要求之行為的關聯性。研究分別於幼兒十六個月與二十二個月時，測量母親在實驗室情境互動中讚許、重述、提問、指稱和肢體介入等教養行為以及親子目光接觸與分享式注意之互動行為，以及幼兒在收拾玩具時完成作業與回應母親要求之行為。以家庭社經地位與母親年齡為家庭變項，母親教養與親子互動行為分別以控制家庭變項進行共變數分析，結果顯示大陸與東南亞籍母親指稱行為顯著低於本地母親。追蹤交互作用發現，在十六個月時，東南亞母親與大陸籍母親之指稱行為均低於本地母親。此外，東南亞與大陸籍母親與其子女互動時之分享式注意行為皆低於本地家庭。有關幼兒行為之重複量數變異數分析結果顯示，幼兒獨力完成作業反應隨月齡增加，幼兒在母親協助下完成作業之反應隨月齡下降。接著以家庭變項（步驟一）與母親教養行為（步驟二）進行十六個月幼兒獨力完成行為之階層迴歸分析，結果發現，當排除家庭變項之解釋力，母親教養行為預測幼兒當時獨力完成行為，其中母親威脅行為顯著預測幼兒獨力完成行為。以家庭變項(步驟一)、幼兒十六個月之反應(步驟二)與母親教養行為(步驟三) 進行幼兒二十二個月行為之階層迴歸分析，結果發現十六個月幼兒獨力完成作業反應對於二十二個月幼兒的獨力完成行為具顯著預測力。當排除家庭變項及十六個月幼兒反應之解釋力時，母親教養行為對於十六至二十二個月中幼兒的獨力完成表現之變化具有預測力，其中，母親重述幼兒口語的教養行為顯著預測幼兒十六至二十二個月間獨力完成作業表現之變化。另一方面，當排除家庭變項之解釋力時，十六個月的幼兒行為對二十二個月幼兒不理會與強烈反抗母親要求行為具顯著預測力，其中，幼兒不理會與直接否決母親要求之行為預測幼兒二十二個月時不理會與強烈反抗母親要求的行為。因此，本地與新移民母親在子女年幼時表現之口語教養行為以及親子分享式注意即有顯著差異，母親重述幼兒口語的教養行為有促進幼兒獨力完成行為的效果。
Two major purposes of the present research was, first, to follow up fifty-four mother-toddlers dyads in two types of new immigrant families, i.e. mothers from Mainland China and Southeastern Asia, as well as in the local families, and the second, to investigate the relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and young children’s responses toward mother’s demands. The research procedures were conducted when toddlers were at 16- and 22-months old. In a free play session, the frequencies of maternal parenting behaviors such as praising the child, repeating children’s verbal responses, questioning, naming objects, threatening, and physical interruptions were videotaped and coded. In addition, mother-toddler eye gazes and joint-attentional behaviors were also measured. In a clean-up session, children’s responses of completing task independently, with mothers’ assistance, with neglect, with avoidance, or with refusal behaviors toward mothers’ demands were measured. Familial SES and mothers’ age were served as family variables. The covariate analysis was conducted to control family SES and the mother’s age. Results found a main effect of mothers’ naming objects behaviors were less in mothers from Mainland China and Southeastern than those of local mothers. The significant interaction effect and its follow-up analysis suggested that at 16 months, less naming objects were found in those mothers from Mainland China and Southeastern Asia than those local mothers. The mother-toddler joint-attentional behaviors of mothers from Mainland China and Southeastern Asia were both less than those with Taiwanese mothers. With increased age, children increased their frequencies in independent completion of the task, and their needs in mothers’ assistance decreased. The results of hierarchical regression analysis with family background (step 1) and mothers’ parenting behavior (step 2) suggested mothers’ parenting behavior predicted children’s independent completion behaviors at 16 months, that maternal threatening behavior predicted children’s independent completion behaviors. The results of hierarchical regression analysis with family background (step 1), children’s responses at 16 months (step 2), and mothers’ parenting behavior (step 3) suggested children’s independent completion behaviors at 16 months predicted children’s responses at 22 months when eliminating the effects of variables of family background. Furthermore, with control of both family background and children’s responses at 16 months, mothers’ parenting behavior predicted the changes between children’s responses at 16 to 22 months. The results suggested that maternal repetition of children’s verbal behaviors predicted the change of children’s independent completion between 16 and 22 months of age. On the other hand, children’s behaviors at 16 months predicted children’s neglected and defiant responses at 22 months when eliminating the effects of variables of family background. The results suggested those children’s neglect and refusal behaviors predicted children’s neglected and defiant behaviors at 22 months of old. In conclusion, mothers’ verbal parenting behaviors and mother-toddler joint-attentional behaviors were significantly different between new immigrant mothers and those of local mothers during early childhood. Mothers’ repetition of children’s verbal behaviors promoted the children’s independent completion behaviors.
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