一、中文部份
王文科（2006）。教育研究法（十一版，152-155頁）。臺北：華杏。
王千寧（2005）。桃園市某高中學生拒吸二手菸行為之研究 ~健康信念模式之應用。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
王秀紅、徐畢卿、高淑芬、高毓秀、王瑞霞、吳素錦、高家常等（2004）。健康促進與護理理論與實務。臺北：偉華書局有限公司。
王清雅（2008）。臺北市大安區某國中學生餐後潔牙行為及其相關因素之研究 --健康信念模式之應用。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
王國川（1998）。修改後健康信念模式測量理論基礎之探討－以青少
年無照騎車之研究為例。教育心理學報，30（2），101-121。
中國疾病預防控制中心 (2011)。《2011年中國控制吸煙報告》－全面
推行公共場所禁菸。取自2011年6月23日 http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/food/
2011-05/27/c_121463945.htm
行政院衛生署國民健康局(2002)。二手菸的危害。取自2010年8月
26日http://www.doh.gov.tw/newverprog/proclaim/index
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2003a）。無菸家庭。取自2010年4月
http://health99.doh.gov.tw/tobacco/share/index2_6.htm
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2004）。臺灣菸害防制（Tobacco
control in Taiwan 2004）。臺北：行政院衛生署國民健康局。
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2004）。菸害申訴服務-菸害超乎你想像。
---二手菸知多少‧取自2005年11月15日
http://www.0800531531.org.tw/hurt/hurt_4.php
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2005）。健康促進與菸害防制研討會。臺中，行政院衛生署國民健康局。
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2009）。臺灣菸害防制年報。臺北：行政
院衛生署國民健康局。
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2010）。女性肺癌多因於男性二手菸。臺
灣菸害防制資訊網。取自2010年5月31日 http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPnet/Portal/PressShow.aspx?No=201005280002
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2010）。臺灣菸害防治年報。臺北：行政
院衛生署國民健康局。
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2011）。沒吸菸也會得肺癌？二手菸是重
要因素！取自2011年5月15日，http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_p01.aspx?class_no=25&level_no=1&doc_no=80363
行政院環境保護署（2000年12月13日）。請不要在公共場所吸菸。
2004年3月15日，取自http://www.epa.gov.tw/education/abc/2-08.html
李守義、周碧瑟、晏涵文（1989）。健康信念模式的回顧與前瞻。中華衛誌，9(3)，123-136。
李卓倫、周碧瑟（1987）。以健康信念模式分析鹿谷鄉民的肝癌篩行為。公共衛生，14（3），236-249。
李秀珍、李素幸、宋瑩珠 (2009)。國中生健康促進生活型態及其影響因素之探討－以臺南縣四所國中生爲例。學校衛生，54，107-122。
李淑卿 (2003)。戒菸教育計畫介入成效之研究以臺北縣某技術學院學生為對象。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
李美芳（2003）。以PRECEDE模式探討青少年避免二手菸行為及其相關因素。高雄醫學大學護理學系研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
李碧霞、吳德敏、祝年豐、賴香如、趙國欣、李欣憶、鍾宜君、劉姿
鈺（2004）。宜蘭縣九所國、高中職學生吸菸行為之影響因素研
究。衛生教育學報，22，21-39。
李碧霞、陳靜敏（2003）。孕婦吸菸的危害及其防治。醫護教育學刊，
2，37-46。
李景美(2008)。菸幕不再－談青少年菸害預防教育策略。 學校衛生， 52: 89-105。
吳銘芳（1999）。二手菸（環境菸煙）的危害知多少。取自2004年11月20日http://www.csh.org.tw/into/腫瘤內科/article/二手菸的危害.htm
林陳立（2004）。懷孕期婦女與配偶吸菸對周產期健康與死亡之影響。行政院衛生署國民健康局九十二年度菸害防制研究及工作計畫成果報告 (BPH-92-Anti-Tobacco-F202) ，未出版。
林采虹（1999）。桃園市國中生健康認知自覺因素與拒吸二手菸之關
係研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
林秋菊（2007）。臺東縣原漢孕婦二手菸暴露之研究。慈濟大學原住民健康研究所碩士論文，未出版，花蓮市。
周玫珍（2004）：職前教師拒絕二手菸行為及其影響因素之研究—以臺中師範學院學生為例。臺中師範學院環境教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺中市。
張明惠 (2004)。青少年戒菸教育課程介入成效之探討－以臺北市某公立高職學生為對象。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
杜莉娟、李美玉、張德馨 (2007)。運用多媒體於產後團體護理指導
之改善專案。新臺北護理期刊，9，81–90。
呂昌明、陳瓊珠（1983）。所謂健康念模式。健康教育，51，32-34。
官蔚菁（2003）。臺灣健康信念模式研究之統合分析。國立成功大學護理系碩士論文，未出版，臺南市。
邱顯財（2005）。孕婦吸菸與暴露二手菸對其胎兒出生結果的影響。中國醫藥大學環境醫學研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺中市。
洪偉哲（2003）。以健康信念模式探討產婦於產前選擇剖腹產之傾向---以台北市立婦幼綜合醫院為例。國立臺灣大學醫療機構管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
陳九五(1993)。臺灣地區懷孕婦女吸菸行為及菸害認知之探討。行政行政衛生署國健局82年度計畫(DOH82-HP-88)，未出版。
陳品玲、邱弘毅、徐建業（2007）。民國九十六年國中生吸菸行為調
查-菸害防制次級資料分析暨網頁建置三年計畫-成果報告。臺
北：行政院衛生署國民健康局。
陳培君、李中一、林瑞雄、宋鴻樟（2002）。婦女抽菸及二手煙暴露
和地出生體重嬰兒。臺灣衛誌，21（5），321-328。
陳怡君（1991）。臺北市三所國小學童二手菸暴露情況問卷調查Ⅱ，
臺北市某國小學童及其家戶內空氣中尼古丁暴露量之評估。國
立臺灣大學公共衛生研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
陳育民（2001）：主動吸菸及二手菸與肺癌的關係。國家衛生研究院論壇健康促進與疾病預防委員會第二期文獻回顧研析計畫(報告編號：FO-HPDPO2-04) ，未出版。
陳晶瑩（2000）。如何幫助病人戒菸。當代醫學，27(1)：49-51。
陳隆彬（2001）。臺中縣太平市國中學生拒絕吸菸二手菸行為相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
陳靜芝（1987）。國中學生對二手菸之反應及其相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
陳靜敏、李碧霞（2005）。產前家訪或電話諮詢對孕期戒菸與母嬰健康的成效評估。九十三年度菸害防制研究及工作計畫研究報告•行政院衛生署國民健康局（BHP-92-Anti-Tobacco-2I03），未出版。
陳曉悌、李怡娟、李汝禮（2003）。健康信念模式之理論源起與應
用。臺灣醫學，7（4），632-639。
徐慧娟、何清松、龔佩珍（2003）。民國九十一年國民健康促進知識態度與行為調查-臺中縣保健衛生議題示範性研究計畫。行政院衛生署國民健康局，未出版。
張桂森（2004）。孕婦暴露二手菸與其新生兒結果關聯性之研究。中國醫藥大學環境醫學研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺中市。
董氏基金會（2005）。肺癌與二手菸。取自2005年4月15日http://www.uhealthy.com/cancer-chinese/cancer-news/news-019.htm
許昺奇(2002)。吸菸對性功能與生殖之影響。國家衛生研究院第三期
文獻回顧研析計劃報告書。
楊建智（2004）。探討孕婦吸菸或曝露二手菸體內可丁寧濃度與代謝基因和DNA 損傷之相關性。中國醫藥大學環境醫學研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺中市。
張玨、張心潔（2006）。臺灣菸害防治政策的性別分析：以女性吸菸為例。臺灣衛誌，25(2)：115-124。廖信榮(2007)。臺北市國中學生菸害預防教育介入成效研究。國立臺
灣師範大學衛生教育系博士論文，未出版，臺北市。
廖國盟（2001）。臺灣地區女性肺腺癌分子流行病學研究。國立臺灣大學流行病學所碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
郭素珍(2006)。孕婦吸菸之盛行率與「無菸媽媽計畫措施」之成效探討。九十五年度菸害防制研究及工作計畫研究報告•行政院衛生署國民健康局（：DOH92-HP-Anti-Tobacco-F102），未出版。
郭憲文（2004）。懷孕婦女暴露二手菸之生殖危害評估。（行政院國
家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告NSC92-2320-B-039-031），未出版。
郭樺蓁（2005）。孕婦及嬰幼兒母親拒吸二手菸介入計畫成效之研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育系碩士論文，未出版，臺北市。
黃淑貞(1997)。大學生健康信念、自我效能、社會支持與吸菸行為研究。 學校衛生，31，30-44。
黃淑貞（1998）：他們為何吸菸？--大學生樣本質性資料分析。學校衛生，33，3-14。
黃久美、郭鐘隆、郭樺蓁、李美鶯、沈婉平(2009)。應用跨理論模式於發展孕產婦之戒菸衛教媒體。護理雜誌，56 (6)，87-94。簡素真、蘇玉婷、徐雅雪、張淑真、蘇麗智 (2009)。護理指導對提升
初孕婦哺餵母乳知識成效之探討。醫護科技期刊，11，116–125。
董氏基金會華文戒菸網（2010）。菸害超乎你想像。取自2010年7
月27日http://www.e-quit.org/memorial/memorial.aspx
葉美玉、李景美(1999)。當今青少年藥物濫用預防策略趨向－個人及社會技巧訓練。 學校衛生，35，45-68。
賴香如、吳德敏、李碧霞、祝年豐、劉姿鈺、鍾宜君等人（2004）。
中小學教職員對無菸校園之看法與相關因素研究。學校衛生，44，33-53。
劉乃昀 (2006）：臺北市家長對學童採取近視防治行為及其相關因素研究-健康信念模式之應用。未發表的碩士論文，臺北市：國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所。
董氏基金會（2008）。WHO-全球菸草流行報告。董氏基金會菸害防制組。
董氏基金會菸害防制組（2003）。無辜的受害者。大家健康雜誌，54，16。
葛應欽、李建弘、姜泰安、王美珍、Goggins, W. B. 梁亨真、陳志玫、
陳盈壯、高英隆、黃吉志、黃明賢、王惠珠（1999）。不吸菸婦女肺癌研究。生命科學簡訊，13（4），12-15。
蘇楓喬、李孟智、謝武勳、張蓓貞、郭育良、洪百薰、林秀娟、陳保
中（2007）。出生前後二手菸暴露與嬰兒健康。臺灣衛誌 ，6(6)，
472-481。
二、英文部份
Acharya, G., Jauniaux, E., Sathia, L., Griffin, M., & Morgan H. (2002). Evaluation of the impact of current antismoking advice in the UK on women with planned pregnancies. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 22(5), 498-500.
American Lung Association. (1992). Reducing the Health Risks of Secondhand Smoke(Report No.1085). New York：Author.
Anderson, K.E., Carmella, S.G., Ye, M., Bliss, R.L, Le, C., Murphy, L.,
et al. (2001). Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 93(5), 378-381
Arbes, S. J. Jr., Agustsdottir, H.＆ Slade, G. D. (2001).Environmental
Tobacco Smoke and Periodontal Disease in the United States.
American Journal of Public Health,91（2）,253-257.
Baba, S., Noda, H., Nakayama, M., Waguri, M., Mitsuda N., & Iso H. (2011). Risk factors of early spontaneous abortions among Japanese: a
matched case-control study. Hum Reprod., 26(2):466-72.
Baker, A., Lewin, T., Reichler, H., Clancy, R., Carr, V., & Garrett, R., et al. (2002a). Evaluation of a motivational interview for substance use within psychiatric in-patient services. Addiction, 97(10),1329-1337.
Baker, A., Lewin, T., Reichler, H., Clancy, R., Carr, V., & Garrett, R., et al. (2002b). Motivational interviewing among psychiatric in-patients with substance use disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106(3), 233-240.
Baker, A. Boggs, T. G. & Lewin, T. J. (2001). Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive-behavioural interventions among regular users of amphetamine. Addiction, 96, 1279-1287.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of
behavioral change. Psychological Review,84,191-215.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Barnes DE, Haight TJ, Mehta KM, Carlson MC, Kuller LH, Tager IB.(2010). Secondhand smoke, vascular disease, and dementia incidence: findings from the cardiovascular health cognition study. Am J Epidemiol;171(3):292-302.
Barnoya J, Glantz SA. Cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke:
nearly as large as smoking. Circulation. 2005; 111: 2684-2698.
Becker, M.H.（1974a）.The Health Belief Model and personal
Health Behavior. Health Education Monographs,4: 328-53.
Becker, M.H.（1974b）.The Health Belief Model and sick role behavior.
Health Educ Monogr 2: 409-19.
Behan DF, Eriksen MP and Lin Y，Economic effects of environmental tobacco smoke，Society of Actuaries 2005。
Belizan, J.M., Barros, F., Langer, A., Farnot, U., Victora, C., & Villar, J. (1995). Impact of health education during preganancy on behavior and utilization of health resources. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 173 (3 pt 1): 894-9.
Blackburn, C., Bonas, S., Spencer, N., Dolan, A., Coe, C., & Moy,
Robert. (2005). Smoking behaviour change among fathers of
newinfants. Social Science & Medicine, 61, 517–526.
Brownson, R. C., Figgs, L. W., & Caisley, L. E. (2002). Epidemiology of
environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Oncogene, 21, 7341-7348.
Buja, Alessandra., Guamieri, Emanuela., Forza, Giovanni., Tognazzo,
Federica., Sandona, Palol., & Zampieron, Alessandra. (2011). Cessation in Pregnant Versus Non-pregnant Women. BMC Women’s Health 11:3.
Cameron, I. D., Stafford, B., Cumming, R. G., Birks, C., Kurrle, S. E., Lockwood, K., et al. (2000). Hip protectors improve falls self-efficacy. Age and Ageing, 29, 57-62.
Centers for Disease Control.(2004 February).Secondhand Smoke. Retrieved May 15,2004,from the World Wide Web:http:// www.cdc.gov/tobacco /factsheets /secondhand_smoke_factsheet.html
Chaaya, M., Jabbour, S., Roueiheb, Z., Chemaitelly, H. (2004).
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices oj argileh (water pipe or
hubble-bubble) and cigarette smoking among pregnant women in
Lebanon. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 1821-1831.
Chen, L.H. & Pettiti, D.B. (1995). Case-Control Study of Passive Smoking
and the Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age at Term. American Journal of Epidemiology, 142:158-165。
Committee on Substance Abuse. (1994). Tobacco-Free Environment : An Imperative for the Health of Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 93(5), 866-868.
Cook, D.G., & Strachan, D.P.(1997). Health effects of passive smoking. 3. Parental smoking and prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma in school age children. Thorax,52,1081-1094.
Crone, M. R., Hirasing, R. A., Burgmeijer, R. J. F. (2000). Prevalence
of passive smoking in infancy in the Netherlands. Patient
Education and Counseling, 39, 149-153.
Crone, M. R., Reijneveld, S. A., Burgmeijer, R. F., & Hirasing R. A. (2001). Factors That Influence Passive Smoking in Infancy : A Study among Mothers of Newborn Babies in The Netherlands. Preventive Medicine, 32, 209-217.
Cupul-Uicab, L.A., Baird, D.D., Skjaerven, R., Saha-Chaudhuri, P., Haug, K., & Longnecker., M.P. (2011). In utero exposure to maternal smoking and women's risk of fetal loss in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa). Hum Reprod., 26(2):458-65.
Daly, J.B., Wiggers, J.H. & Considine, R.J. (2001). Infant exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: a prevalence study in Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 25(2), 132-137.
Davison, J., Bond, J., Dawson ,P., Steen, I.N., & Kenny, R. (2005). Patients with recurrent falls attending accident & emergency benefit from multifactorial intervenetion—a randomized controlled trial. Age and Ageing, 34(2), 162-168.
Deshpande, S., Basil, M.D., & Basil, D.Z. (2009). Factors influencing healthy eating habits among college students: an application of the health belief model. Health marking Quarterly, 26(2), 145-164.
Dubravko, Habek., & Melita, Kovacevle. (2011). Adverse Pregnancy
outcomes and long-term morbidity after early fetal hypokinesia in
maternal smoking pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 283, 491-495.
Ebert, L.M., & Fahy, K. (2007). Why do women continue to smoke in pregnancy? Women and Birth 20, 161-168.
Elizabeth, L.M., Natalie, W. ＆ Belinda, B. (2003). Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Pediatric Asthma：Overview and
Recommendations for Practice. Clinical Pediatrics,42,775-787.
Ellickson, P.L.& Hays, R.D. (1990). Beliefs about resistance self-efficacy and drug prevalence: do they really affect drug use? Int J Addict. 25(11A):1353-78.
Emmons, K.M., Wong, M., Hammond, S.K., Velicer, W.F., Fava, J.L., & Monroe, A.D., et al. (2001). Intervention and policy issues related to children’s exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Preventive Medicine, 32, 321-331.
Eric, Jauniaux., & Anne, Greenough. (2007). Short and long term outcomes of smoking during pregnancy. Early Human Development, 83,
697-698.
Fergusson, D., Woodward, L., & Horwood, L. (1998). Maternal smoking
during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 721-727.
Fox, M., Sexton, M., & Hebel, J. (1990). Prenatal exposure to tobacco : 1 Effects on physical growth at age three. International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, 66-71.
Frisch, A.S., Shamsuddin, K.＆ Kurtz, M.（1995）. Family
Factors and knowledge attitudes and efforts concerning
exposure to environmental tobacco among Malaysian
Medical Students. Journal of Asian＆African Studies, 30, 68-79.
Geary, M., Crowley, D., & Boylan, P. (1997). Passive cigarette smoking in pregnancy. Journal of obstetrics and Gynaecology, 17(3), 264-265.
Gilliland, F.D., Berhane, K., McConnell, R., Gauderman, W.J., Vora, H.,
Rappaport, E.B., et al. (2000). Maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood lung function. Thorax, 55: 271-276.
Gilliland, F.D., Berhane, K., Islam, T., Wenten, M., Rappaport, E., Avol, E., et al. (2003). Environmental tobacco smoke and absenteeism related to respiratory illness in schoolchildren, American Journal of Epidemiology 2003；157:861-869.
Glanz, K., Lewis, F.M., & Rimer, B.K.(1997). Health Behavior And Health
Education (2nd ed). California：Jossey-Bass.
Glanz K, Rimer BK and Lewis FM, editors (2008). Health Behavior and
Health Education: Theory, Research and Practice (4th edition). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Chapter 9: Social Networks and Social Support.
Greenberg, R.A., Strecher, V.J., Bauman, K.E., Boat, B.W., Fowler, M.G., & Keyes, L.L., et al. (1994). Evaluation of a Home-Based Intervention Program to Reduce Infant Passive Smoking and Lower Respiratory Illness. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17(3), 273-290.
Gidding, S.S., Morgan, W., Perry, C., Isable-Jones, J., & Bricker, J.T.
(1994). Active and passive tobacco exposure：A Serious Pediatric
Health Problem. Circulation, 90(5), 2581-2590.
Goel, P., Radotra, A., Singh, I., Aggarwal, A., & Dua, D. (2004). Effects of passive smoking on outcome in pregnancy. Journal of Postrad
Med March, 50, Issue 1.
Hamer, M., Stamatakis, E., & Batty, G.D. (2010). Objectively Assessed Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Mental Health in Adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry,.67(8): 850-55.
Harty, S.B., Sheridan, A., Howell, F., & Nicholson, A. (2003). Wheeze, eczema and rhinitis in 6-7 year old Irish schoolchildren，Irish Medical Journal, 96(4):102-104.
Harrison, J.A., Mullen, P.D., & Green, L.W. (1992). A meta-analysis of studies of the health belief model with adults. Health Education Research, 7(1), 107-116.
Heh, S.S. (2001). Validation of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: detecting postnatal depression in Taiwanese women. Hu Li Yan Jiu. 9(2):105-13.
Hickner, J., Westenberg, C., & Dittenbir, M.（1984）. Effect of pregnancy on smoking behavior. A baseline study. Journal of Family Practice, 18(2),241-244.
Hovell, M.F., Meltzer, S.B., Wahlgren, D.R., Matt, G.E., Hofstetter, C.R., & Jones, J.A., et al. (2002). Asthma management and environmental tobacco smoke exposure reduction in Latino children: a controlled trial. Pediatrics, 110(5), 946-956.
Hovell, M.F., Zakarian, J.M., Matt, G.E., Hofstetter, C.R., Bernert, J.T., & Pirkle, J. (2000). Effect of counselling mothers on their children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: randomised controlled trail. British Medical Journal, 321, 337-342.
Hudmon, K.S., & Berger, B.A. (1995). Pharmacy applications of the transtheoretical model in smoking cessation. American Society of Health-System Pharmacy, 52(3), 282-287.
Hughes, S.C., Corcos, I.A., Hofstetter, C.R., Hovel, M.F., Irvin, V.L., Park, H. R., et al. (2008). Children’s Exposure to Secondhand Smoke at Home in Seoul, Korea. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 9, 491-496.
Hymowitz, N., Schwab, J., Haddock, C., Pyle, S., Moore, G., & Meshberg, S. (2005). The pediatric resident training on tobacco project: baseline findings from the Parent/Guardian Tobacco Survey. Prev Med., 41(1):334-41.
Iribarren, C., Friendman, G.D., Klatsky. A.K., & Eisner, M.D. (2001).
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: association with personal characteristics and self reported health conditions. Journal
Epidemiol Community Health, 55, 721-728.
Irvine, L., Crombie, I.K., Clark, R.A., Slane, P.W., Feyerabend, C., & Goodman, K.E., et al. (1999). Advising parents of asthmatic children on passive smoking: randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 318, 1456-1461.
Janz, N.K., & Becker, M.H. (1984). The health belief model:a decade later. Health Edu Quar, 11(1):1-47.
Janz, N.K., Champion, V. L., & Strecher, V. J. (2002). Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (3rd ed.), 45-66.
Johansson, A., Hermansson, G., & Ludvigsson, J. (2004). Parents’
Attitudes to children’s tobacco smoke exposure and how the issue is
handled in health care. Journal of Pediatr Health Care, 18(5),
228-235.
Jordaan, E., Potter, P.＆ Ehrlich, R.I.（1999）. Environmental Tobacco
Smoke Exposure in Children Household and Community Determinants. Archives of Environmental Health, 54(5), 319-27.
Karen, Glanz., Barbara, K.Rimer, & K.Viswanath. （2008）. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kasl, S.V. (1974). The health belief model and behavior related to chronic
illness. Health Educ Monogr, 2, 433-54.
Kati, Heinonen, Katri, Raikkonen, Anu-Katrina, Pesonen, Sture, Andersson, Eero, Kajantie, Johan G., Eriksson, et al. (2011). Longitudinal study of smoking cessation before pregnancy and children’s cognitiveabilities at 56 months of age. Early Hum Dev, Doi;10.1016/j. earthumdev.2011.02.002.
Kelly, R.B., Zyzanski, S.J., & Alemagno, S.A.(1991). Prediction of
motivation and behavior change following health promotion: Role of
health beliefs, social support, and self-efficacy. Social Science and
Medicine 32:311-20.
King, K.A., Vidourek, R.A., Creighton, S., & Vogel, S. (2003). Smokers, Willingness to Protect Children From Secondhand Smoke. Am J Health BehavTM, 27(5): 554-63.
Kinstler, D.P. (2000). Examining the relevance of the transtheoretical model of change within an alcohol dependency treatment program. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 12(1):17-22.
Kirscht, J.P. (1974). The health belief model and illness behavior. Health Educ Monogr 2:387-408.
Kukla, L., Hruba, D., & Tyrlik, M.(2004). Influence of prenatal and postnatal exposure to passive smoking on infants’ health during the first six months of their life. Central European journal of public health, 12(3), 157-160.
Kurtz, M.E., Johnson, S.M.＆ Ross-Lee,B. (1992). Passive smoking：
Direction for health education among Malaysian college students. International Journal of Health Sevices, 22(3), 555-565.
Kurtz, M.E., Azikiwe U., & Kurtz, J.C. (1993). Nigerian urban married women’s perceptions of exposure to secondary tobacco smoke. Health Care for Women International, 14(3), 239-248.
Kurtz, M.E., Kurtz, J.C., Johnson, S.M.＆ Cooper, W. (2001). Sources
of Information on the Health Effects of Environmental Tobacco
Smoke Among African-American Children and Adolescents.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 28, 458-464.
Kurtz, M.E., Kurtz, J.C., Contreras, D.＆ Booth, C. (2003). Knowledge
and attitudes of economically disadvantaged women regarding
exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The European
Journal of Public Health,13(2), 171-176.
Larsson, M.L., Frisk, M., Hallstrom, J., Kiviloog, J., & Lundback, B.
(2001). Environmental tobacco smoke exposure during childhood is
associated with increased prevalence of asthma in adults. Chest,
120(3), 711-717.
Leung, G.M., Ho, L.M., & Lam, T.H.(2003). The economic burden of
environmental tobacco smoke in the first year of life. Archives of
Disease in Childhood, 88:767-771。
Li, C., Unger, J.B., Schuster, D., Rohrbach, L.A., Howard- Pitney,B.
＆Norman, G. (2003).Youths' exposure to environmental tobacco
Smoke(ETS) Association with health beliefs and social pressure.
Addictive Behaviors,28,39-53.
Li,Y.J., Tsai, Y.C., Chen, Y.C., & Christiani, D.C. (2009) Human papilloma virus and female lung adenocarcinoma. Semin Oncol, Dec;36(6):542-52.
Loke, A.K., Lam, T.H., Pan, S.C., Li, S.Y., Gao, X.J., & Song, Y.Y. (2000).
Exposure to and actions against passive bsmoking in non-smoking
pregnant women in Guangzhou, Ckina. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 79(11), 947-952.
Lu, Y., Tong, S., & Oldenburg, B. (2001). Determinants of smoking and cessation during and after pregnancy. Health Promotion International, 16(4), 355-365.
Ma, G.X., Shive, S.E., Tan, Y., Toubbeh, J.I., Fanf, C.Y., & Edwards, R.L. (2005). Tobacco use, secondhand smoke exposure and their related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among Asian Americans. Additive Behaviors, 30, 725-740.
Mackay, J., & Eriksen, M. (2002). The Tobacco Atlas. Geneva: WHO.
Meeker, J.D., Missmer, S.A., Cramer, D.W., & Hauser. R.(2007). Maternal exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke and pregnancy outcome among couples undergoing assisted reproduction. Hum. Reprod Feb;22(2):337-45.
Miamin, L.A., & Becker, M.H. (1974). The Health Belief Model: Origins and correlates in psychological theory. Health Education Monographs, 2, 336-53.
Martinelli, A.M.（1996）. A Study of Health Locus of Control, Self-efficacy, Health Promotion Behaviors, and Environmental Factors Related to the Self-report of the Avoidance of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Young Adults. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Catholic University of America.
Martinelli, A.M.（1999）.Test a model of avoiding environmental
tobacco smoke in young adults. Image:Journal of Nursing
Scholarship, 31(3), 237-242.
Matitahu, Berkovitch. (2011). Smoking during pregnancy and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Minerva Pediatr.,57(6):359-71.
Maziak, W., Ward, K.D., Rastam, S., Mzayek, F., & Eissenberg, T. (2005). Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its
dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults. Respiratory Research, 6: 13.
Meeker, J.D., Missmer, S.A., Cramer, D.W., & Hauser, R. (2007).
Risk of spontaneous abortion in women with childhood exposure to
parental cigarette smoke. Am J Epidemiol., 1;166(5):571-75.
Miller, W.R. (1985). Motivation for treatment : A review with special
emphasis on alcoholism. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 84-107.
Miller, T., Rauh, V.A., Glied, S.A., Hattis, D., Rundle, A., Andrews, H.,
et al. (2006). The economic impact of early life environmental tobacco smoke exposure: early intervention for developmental delay, Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(10):1585-1588.
Miyazaki, M., Nakamura, H., Kubo, M., Kiyohara, Y., Oshima, Y., Ishibashi, T., et al. (2003). Risk factors for age related maculopathy in a Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Br J Ophthalmol, 87:469-472.
Naeye, R. (1981). Influence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on fetal and childhood growth. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 57, 18-21.
National Cancer Institute (2000). Cancer fact. Retrieved August 12, 2004, from http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/3_9.htm
Ng, S.P., & Zelikoff, J.T. (2007). Smoking during pregnancy:
Subsequent effects on offspring immune competence and disease
vulnerability in later life. Reproductive Toxicology 23, 428-437.
Norman, G.J., Velicer, W.F., Fava, J.L., & Prochaska, J.O. (1998). Dynamic typology clustering within the stages of change for smoking cessation. Addict Behav, 23(2):139-53.
Office of the Surgeon General. (2006). The Health Consequence of
Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke. U.S.: author
O’Hea, E.L., Wood, K.B., & Brantley, P.J. (2003). The transtheoretical model: Gender differences across 3 health behavior. American Journal of Health Behavior, 27(6), 645-656.
Okah, F.A., Choi, W.S., Okuyemi, K.S., & Ahluwalia, J.S. (2002). Effect of Children on Home Smoking Restriction by Inner-City Smokers. Pediatrics, 109(2), 244-249.
Olsen, J. (1991). Cigarette smoking, tea and coffee drinking, and subfecundity. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(7):734-739.
Orlebeke, J., Knol, D., & Verhulst, F. (1997). Increase in child behavior problems resulting from maternal smoking during pregnancy. Archives of Environmental, 52, 317-321.
Ortega, G., Castellà, C., Martín-Cantera, C., Ballvé, J.L., Díaz, E., Saez, M., et al. (2010). Passive smoking in babies: the BIBE study (Brief Intervention in babies. Effectiveness). BMC Public Health, 10:772-82.
Pan American Health Organization (2000). Lifestyles（Tobacco）. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from http://www.jam.paho.org/.
Patterson, B.(1993). The how’s of health education: Introducing
social skill to students. Journal of Health Education,
Novermber/December Supplement, s-49.
Peters, J., McCabe, C.J., Hedley, A.J., Lam, T.H., & Wong, C.M.
(1998). Economic burden of environmental tobacco smoke on Hong Kong families: scale and impact. Journal of Epidemiology and community Health, 52:53-58.
Preston, A.M., Rodriguez, C., Rivera, C.E., & Sahai, H. (2001).
Determinants of environmental tobacco smoke in a population
of Puerto Rican children. Nicotine＆Tobacco Research, 3, 61-70.
Pyle, S.A., Haddock, C.K., Hymowitz, N., Schwab, J., & Meshberg, S.
(2005). Family rules about exposure to environmental tobacco
smoke. Families, Systems, & Health, 23(1), 3-16.
Rantakallio, P. (1983). A follow-up study up to age 14 of children whose
mothers’ smoked during pregnancy. Acta Pediatric Scandinavia, 72, 747-753.
Rauh, V.A., Whyatt, R.M., Garfinkel, R., Andrews, H., Hoepner, L., Reyes, A., et al. (2004). Developmental effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and material hardship among inner-city children. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 26(3):373-385.
Robinson, J., & Kirkcaldy, A.J. (2007a). Disadvantaged mothers, young
children and smoking in the home: Mothers’ use of space within their homes. Health & Place, 13, 894–903.
Robinson, J., & Kirkcaldy, A.J. (2007b). ‘You think that I’m smoking
and they’re not’: Why mothers still smoke in the home. Social Science& Medicine, 65, 641-652.
Roberts, Fitzmahan, & Associates.（1987）. Refusal skills. Seattle,WA:
Comprehensive Health Education Foundation (CHEF).
Rosenstock, I.M. (1990). The Health Belief Model and Explaining
Health Behavior Through Expectancies. In Glanz, K.,Lewis, F.M.
＆ Rimer, B. K. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory,
Research, and Practice. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass Publishers,
39-62.
Rosenstock, I.M., Strecher, V.J., & Becker, M.H. (1988). Social Learning
Theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Education Quarterly,
15(2), 175-182.
Rosenstock, I.M.(1974). The Health Belief Model and Preventive Health
behavior. Health Education Monography, 2(4), 354-386.
Ruger, J.P., Weinstein, M.C., Hammond, S.K., Kearney, M.H., & Emmons, K.M. (2008). Cost-effectiveness of motivational interviewing for smoking cessation and relapse prevention among low-income pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. Value Health, 11(2):191-98.
Scarinci, I.C., Watson, J.M., Slawson, D.L., Klesges, R.C., Murry, D.M.
＆ Eck-Clemens, L.H. (2000). Socioeconomic status,ethnicity, and environmental tobacco exposure among non-smoking females.
Nicotine＆Tobacco Research, 2,355-361.
Shiva, F., & Padyab, M. (2008). Smoking practices and risk awareness in
parents regarding passive smoke exposure of their preschool children:
a cross-sectional study in Tehran. Indian Journal Medical Sciences,
62(6), 228-35.
Simons, B.G., & Haynie, D.L. (2003). Psychosocial predictor of
increased smoking stage among sixth graders. American Journal of
Health Behavior, 27(6), 592-602.
Smokefree partner shipartnership. (2009). Smoke free legislation in the EU. From http://www.smokefreepartnership.eu/Smoke-free-legislation-in-the-EU（2010.7.26.）
Soliman, S., Pollack, H.A., & Warner, K.E. (2004). Decrease in the
prevalence of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the
home during the 1990s in families with children. American
Journal of Public Health, 94(2), 314-320.
Sorenson, H.T., Norgard, B., Pedersen, L., Larsen, H., & Johnsen, S.P. (2002). Maternal smoking and risk of hypertrophic infantile pyloric stenosis: 10 yeas population based cohort study. British Medical Journal,325, 1011-1012.
Strecher, V.J., Devellis, B.M., Becker, M.H., & Rosenstock, I.M.(1986). The role of self-efficacy in achieving health behavior change. Health Eeducation Quarterly, 13(1),73-91.
Tanaka, K., Miyake, Y., Sasaki, S., Ohya, Y., Miyamoto, S., Matsunaga, I., et al. (2005). Active and passive smoking and tooth loss in Japanese women: baseline data from the Osaka maternal and child health
study. Annuals of Epidemiology, 15(5), 358-364.
Texas Department of Health（2003）. Secondhand Smoke Exposure
Among Middle and High School Students -- Texas, 2001. Morbidity
& Mortality Weekly Report, 52 ,152-154.
Thyrian, J.R., Hanke, M., Hannover, W., Grempler, J., Roske, K., &
Fusch, C. (2005). Exposure to tobacco smoke (passive
smoking) in the home in relation to hospitalization of children under
the age of 5 years in Germany. Dtsch Medical Wochenschr, 130(19),
1189-94.
Tong, E.K., England, L., & Glantz, S.A. (2005). Changing Conclusions
on Secondhand Smoke in a Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Review
Funded by the Tobacco Industry. Pediatrics, 115(3), 356-366.
Trimble, C.L., Genkinger, J.M., Burke, A.E., Hoffman, S.C., Helzlsouer, K.J., Diener-West, M., et al. (2005). Active and pass cigarette smoking and the risk of cervical neoplasia. Obstetrics and
Gynecology, 105: 174-181.
Twigg, L., Moon, G., & Walker, S. (2004). The Smoking Epidemic in England. Health development agency, England. 2004.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.(2010). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Diseas-Executive Summary. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 9 Dec., 2010.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). Healthy People 2020. From http://web.health.gov/healthy people/.（2011.1.22.）
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1992). Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders.1992, Washington DC, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/6-90006F.
Velicer, W.F., DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J.O., & Brandenburg,
N. (1985). Decisional Balance measure for assessing and
predicting smoking status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(5), 1279-1289.
Vik, T., Jacobsen, G., Vatten, L., & Bakketeig, L. (1996). Pre- and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy. Early Human Development, 45, 245-255.
Vineis, P., Airoldi, L., Veglia, F., Olgiati, L., Pastorelli, R., Autrup, H.,
et al. (2005). Environmental tobacco smoke and risk of respiratory cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in former smokers and never smokers in the EPIC prospective study. BMJ, 330(7486)
:277-280.
Wakefield, M., Banham, D., McCaul, K., Martin, J., Ruffin, R., & Badcock, N., et al. (2002). Effect of feedback regarding urinary cotinine and brief tailored advice on home smoking restrictions among low-income parents of children with asthma: a controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 34(1), 58-65.
Washio, Y., Higgins, S.T., Heil, S.H., Badger, G.J., Skelly, J., Bernstein, I.M., et al. (2011). Examining maternal weight gain during contingency-management treatment for smoking cessation among pregnant women. Drug Alcohol Depend. Mar 1;114(1):73-6.
Waters, H. (2006). The economic impact of secondhand smoke in
Maryland. Report Submitted to the American Cancer Society.
Wdowiak, A., Wiktor, H., & Wdowiak, L. (2009). Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and neonatal health. Ann Agric Environ Med, 16(2):309-12.
Wen, C.P., Tsai, S.P., Chen, C.J., Cheng, T.Y., Tsai, M.C., & Levy, D.T. Smoking attributable mortality for Taiwan and its projection to 2020 under different smoking scenarios. Tobacco Control. 2005; 14: i76-i80.
Willemsen, M.C.＆ Vries, H.D.（1996）.Saying〝No〞to Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Determinants of Assertiveness among Nonsmoking Employees. Preventive Medicine, 25, 575-582.
Winickoff, J.P., Park, E.R., Hipple, B.J., Berkowitz, A., Vieira, C., Friebely, J., et al. (2008). Clinical effort against secondhand smoke exposure: development of framework and intervention. Pediatrics 122, e363-e375.
Winickoff, J.P., Tanski, S.E., McMillen, R.C., Ross, K.M., Lipstein, E.A., Hipple, B.J., et al. (2011). Acceptability of testing children for tobacco-smoke exposure: a national parent survey. Pediatrics.Apr;127(4):628-34.
Wisborg, K., Kesmodel, U., Henriksen, T.B., Olsen, S.F., & Secher, N.J. (2000). A prospective study of smoking during pregnancy and SIDS. Archives of Disease in Childhood,83(3), 203.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2010a). World No Tobacco Day. Retrieved June 2, 2010, From http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/annual/wntd/en/index.html
World Health Organization (WHO). (2010b). Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Retrieved March 2, 2010, From http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/download/ en/index.htm1/.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2001). Women and the Tobacco Epidemic: Challenges for the 21st Century. Geneva: WHO. Retrieved Dec 12, 2010, From
http://www.who.int/tobacco/media/en/WomenMonograph.pdf
World Health Organization (WHO). (2002). The Tobacco Atlas. Geneva: WHO. Retrieved Dec 8, 2010,
From http://www.who.int/tobacco/statistics/tobacco_atlas/en/
World Health Organization (WHO). (2003). Fact Sheet on Gender, Health and Tobacco Geneva: WHO.
Retrieved Dec 8, 2010, from http://www.who.int/gender
/documents/en/Tobacco.references.pdf
World Health Organization (WHO). (2006). World No Tobacco Day 2006. Retrieved Dec 8, 2010, from
http://www.who.int/tobacco/communications/events/wntd/2006/en/index.html
World Health Organization (WHO). (2007). World No Tobacco Day 2007. Retrieved Dec 8, 2010, from
http://www.who.int/tobacco/communications/events/wntd/2007/en/index.html
World Health Organization (WHO). (2008). WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008 - The MPOWER package. Retrieved May 1, 2011, from
http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/2008/en/index.html
World Health Organization (WHO). (2009). The Global Tobacco Epidemic: Implementing smoke-free environments.Geneve: author.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2009). International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)] - IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention ”Evaluating the Effectiveness of Smoking-free Policies”. :Volume 13.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). World No Tobacco Day 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011, from http://www.who.int/tobacco/en/
Wong, L.S., Green, H.M., Feugate, J.E., Yadav, M., Nothnagel, E.A,
& Martins-Green, M.(2004). Effects of "second-hand" smoke on
structure and function of fibroblasts, cells that are critical for tissue
repair and remodeling. BMC Cell Biol, 5(1):13.
Wu, C.H., Ho, Y.S., Tsai, C.Y., Wang, Y.J., Tseng, H., Wei, P.L.,
et al.（2008）. In vitro and in vitro study of phloretin-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells involving inhibition of type II glucose transporter. International Journal of Cancer, 124, 2210–2219.
Ye, X., Skjaerven, R., Basso, O., Baird, D.D., Eggesbo, M., Uicab, L.A.,
et al. (2010). In utero exposure to tobacco smoke and subsequent reduced fertility in females. Hum. Reprod., 25(11): 2901-2906.
Yolton, K., Khoury, J., Hornung, R., Dietrich, K., Succop, P. &
Lanphear, B.(2008). Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and
child behaviors. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral
Pediatrics, 29(6), 450-7.
Young, R., Oei, T.P.S., & Crook, G. (1993). Drinking resusal self-efficacy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17, 511-530.
Yousey, Y. (2007). Family attitudes about tobacco smoke exposure of
young children at home. MCN American Journal of Maternal
Child Nursing, 32(3), 178-83.
Yuan, H., Wong, L.S.., Bhattacharya, M., Ma C, Zafarani, M, Yao, M,
Schneider, M., et al. (2007). The effects of second-hand smoke on biological processes important in atherogenesis. BMC cardiovascular disorders, 7(1):1-16.
Chen, Y.M., Shih, J.S., Perng, R.P., Tsai, C.M., & Whang-Peng, Jacqueline. (2011). A Randomized Trial of Different Docetaxel Schedules in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Who Failed Previous Platinum-based Chemotherapy. Chest, 131: 1031-38.
Yin, Zhihua, Xu, Wei, Xu, Changying, Shiqi, Zhang, Yajun, Zheng, et al. (2011). A Population-based case-control study of risk factors for neural tube defects in shenyang, China. Childs Nerv Syst 27, 149-154.。
Zollinger, T.W., Saywell, R.M., Overgaard, A.D., Jay, S.J., Holloway, A.M., & Cummings, S.F. (2004). Estimating the Economic Impact of Secondhand Smoke on the Health of a Community. American Journal of Health Promotion, 18(3), 232-238.