In the decade period, the study of indigenous people is gradually noticed in academic field in Taiwan. Many scholars and research centers have been concerned about the problems of indigenous people, such as economics, education, politics and the maintenance of indigenous culture. Most of researches focused on the macro-perspective of indigenous lives. Unfortunately, the issues of indigenous women in families are not noticed enough in the academic researches. The most of popular topics are of alcohol problem, prostitution, protection of young indigenous women. The family lives of indigenous women are less protection of young indigenous women. The family lives of indigenous women are less explored in academic fields. Therefore, this research focuses on gender role of indigenous women in families on the basis of the theory of gender differences formed by socialization and maternal thinking. Gender differences divide women labors into the private field. Therefore, women have to play roles as family caretakers, conversely, men into the public field as economic providers. This research based on the perspective of gender differences explores gender role in families and status quos of domestic lives of indigenous women in Kaoshing City. In this case study, the author use original data from the Commission of Indigenous Affairs in Kaoshiung City. In 2000 the Commission of Indigenous Affairs detegated hometown offices to interview 2,590 indigenous women over fifteen years old in Kaoshiung City. The results gender role of indigenous women in families as main family caretakers. Meanwhile, when the families need assistances, women, but not men, scarified their job or education for helping families.