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題名:生態風險評估之內涵、方法及應用
書刊名:大葉學報
作者:陳宜清
作者(外文):Chen, Yi-ching
出版日期:2002
卷期:11:2
頁次:頁129-143
主題關鍵詞:生態風險評估評估終結點風險管理不確定性概念模式珊瑚礁Ecological risk assessmentAssessment endpointsRisk managementUncertaintyConceptual modelCoral reefs
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:15
  • 點閱點閱:28
     「生態風險評估」提供一個具有系統性及原則性之架構與方法,預期能可靠預測生態反應,補強環境影響評估不夠嚴謹之缺陷。生態系因受到人為活動或自然劇變,致使其生命、繁衍或棲息環境可能產生不利反應的潛勢,稱之為「生態風險」。生態風險評估是一種方法論,一種程序,所涉及學門領域相當繁雜,可應用範圍亦相當廣泛;其方法主要核心有二:即暴露度特性分析及生態反應特性分析,先設定評估終結點為生態系之定量影響程度及管理目標值,建立概念模式來串連施壓源與受壓體之互動關係,再藉由科學分析方法來描述可能之風險。其過程可依據資料充足性、不確定性、目標需求、時效性及經費考量,常有必要執行多層次之重覆評估程序。最後評估結果仍需與風險管理間溝通及討論,以利後續執行風險之削減及改善。近期墾丁國家公園龍坑生態保護區受擱淺貨輪滲漏燃油污染,由於清理時效延宕造成污染擴大,危及海岸珊瑚礁生態,擬就墾丁珊瑚礁生態系之溢油污染及清理方式來探討生態風險評估之必要性及建立初步之概念模式。
     Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) demonstrates a systematized framework for predicting ecological adversity more confidently than what might be of less concern through an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). It is called “ecological risk” since an ecosystem suffers the potential threats of survival, growth, reproduction and habitat due to human activities or natural catastrophes. ERA is a kind of methodology and process that connects with many institutional scopes which can be applied in all fields concerning people. The major cores of ERA are characterization of exposure and characterization of effects. By the setup of proper assessment endpoints as quantitative effects and management goals with a conceptual model linking interaction between stressors and receptors, the possible risks can be described through a scientific analysis. An iterated tier assessment process is possibly implemented by considering the abundance of information, uncertainty, goal-orientation, time consumption and budget. In the final stage, communication with the risk manager is necessary for future studies in risk mitigation and remediation. Recently, the Lungken eco-protection area of Kenting National Park was polluted by oil-spills from a stranded cargo boat, and precious coral reefs were endangered by sticky oil and the clean-up. An ERA of a damaged coral-reef ecosystem is proposed, and a necessary conceptual model is created for future detailed assessments.
期刊論文
1.華健(19991000)。海上洩油事故處理之成本效益評估。國立臺灣海洋大學海運學報,7,53-64。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.陳大麟、黃文彥(20000700)。土壤與地下水污染場址之健康風險評估方法--風險基準矯正行動(RBCA)。工業污染防治,19(3)=75,26-48。  延伸查詢new window
3.戴昌鳳(19930900)。海洋的綠洲--珊瑚礁資源。科學月刊,24(9)=285,667-673。  延伸查詢new window
4.Aurand, D.(1995)。The application of ecological risk assessment principles to dispersant use planning。Spills Science & Technology,2(4),241-247。  new window
5.Bartell, S. M.、Lefebvre, G.、Kaminski, G.、Carreau, M.、Campbell, K. R.(1999)。An ecosystem model for assessing ecological risks in Quebec rivers, lakes and reservoirs。Ecological Modelling,124,43-67。  new window
6.Claassen, M.(1999)。Ecological risk assessment as a framework for environmental impact assessment。Water Science and Technology,39(10/11),151-154。  new window
7.Hakanson, L.(1979)。An ecological index for aquatic pollution control- a sedimentological approach。Water Research,14,975-1001。  new window
8.Hill, R. A.、Chapman, P. M.、Mann, G. S.、Lawrence, G. S.(2000)。Level of detail in ecological risk assessments。Marine Pollution Bulletin,40(6),471-477。  new window
9.Karman, C. C.(2000)。The role of time in environmental risk assessment。Spill Science & Technology Bulletin,6(2),159-164。  new window
10.Liang, Y.、Wong, M. H.、Shutes, R. B. E.(1999)。Ecological risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination in the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve。Water Research,33(6),1337-1346。  new window
11.Moore, D. R.、Biddinger, G. R.(1995)。The interaction between risk assessors and risk managers during the problem formulation phase。Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,14(12),2013-2014。  new window
12.Suter, G. W. II、Loar, J. M.(1992)。Weighing the ecological risk of hazardous waste sites, the Oak Ridge case。Environmental Science & Technology,26(3),432-438。  new window
會議論文
1.邵廣昭、陳正平(1997)。台灣珊瑚礁魚類之分佈及其資料庫。第五屆珊瑚礁研討會,229-243。  延伸查詢new window
2.鄭先祐(1996)。重大工程建設的「環境影響評估」--生態環保的問題。1996年民間環保高峰會。  延伸查詢new window
3.Convention on Wetlands(1999)。People and wetlands: the vital link。The 7th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on Wetlands。San Jose, Costa Rica。  new window
4.Johnston, R. K.、Woods, P. E.、Pesch, G. G.、Munns, W. R.(1989)。Assessing the impact of hazardous waste disposal sites on the environment: case studies of ecological risk assessments at selected Navy hazardous waste disposal sites。14 Annual Army Environmental R&D Symposium。  new window
研究報告
1.吳珮瑛(2000)。國家公園資源經濟效益評估--以墾丁國家公園為例。台北市:台灣綜合研究院。  延伸查詢new window
2.Efroymson, R. A.、Rose, W. H.、Nemeth, S.、Suter, G. W. II(2000)。Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low-altitude Overflights by Fixed-wing and Rotary-wing Military Aircraft (計畫編號:ORNL/TM-2000/289)。  new window
3.Europe Commission(1996)。Technical Guidance Documents in Support of the Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances and the Commission Regulation EC/1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances。Luxembourg。  new window
4.Oil and Gas Risk Assessment Subgroup of the Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission's Environmental Working Group(1998)。Environmental Risk Assessments of Oil and Gas Activities Using National Security and Civilian Data Sources。  new window
5.Suter, G. W. II(1996)。Guide for Developing Conceptual Models for Ecological Risk Assessments (計畫編號:ES/ER/TM-186)。  new window
6.Suter, G. W. II(1996)。Risk Characterization for Ecological Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites (計畫編號:ES/ER/TM-200)。  new window
7.U. S. EPA(1999)。An SAB Report: Review of the Index of Watershed Indicators (計畫編號:EPA-SAB-EPEC-99-014)。Science Advisory Board。  new window
學位論文
1.邱文雅(1999)。關渡濕地水土特性與生態風險之評估(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.邵廣昭、國立編譯館(1998)。海洋生態學。台北:明文書局。  延伸查詢new window
2.方力行(1989)。珊瑚學。臺北:黎明文化事業公司:教育部大學聯合出版委員會。  延伸查詢new window
3.行政院環保署環保人員訓練所(200001)。環保訓練園地雙月刊。  延伸查詢new window
4.何孝鐳(1982)。海水油污染。臺北:交通部交通研究所。  延伸查詢new window
5.邱文彥(2000)。海岸管理:理論與實務。臺北:五南圖書出版公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.鄭先祐、國立編譯館(1992)。生態環境影響評估學。臺北:徐氏基金會。  延伸查詢new window
7.歐文丹尼斯、蔡伸章(1995)。生態學是什麼?。臺北:書泉出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Bamthouse, L. W.、Suter, G. W. II、Bartell, S. M.、Beauchamp, J. J.、Gardner, R. H.、Linder, E.、O'Neill, R. V.、Rosen, A. E.(1986)。User's manual for ecological risk assessment。Oak Ridge, Tenn.:Oak Ridge National Laboratory。  new window
9.Bartell, S. M.、Gardner, R. H.、O'Neill, R. V.(1992)。Ecological Risk Estimation。Lewis Publishers。  new window
10.Calabrese, E. J.、Baldwin, L. A.(1993)。Performing Ecological Risk Assessment。Lewis Publishers。  new window
11.CCME(1996)。A Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment: General Guidance。Ottawa, Ont.:Environment Canada。  new window
12.CCME(1997)。A Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment: Technical Appendices。Ottawa, Ont.:Environment Canada。  new window
13.Ministry of Environment, Lands and Park(2000)。Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA): An Approach for Assessing and Reporting Environmental Conditions。Victoria, B.C.:Habitat Branch。  new window
14.Suter, G. W. II(1993)。Ecological risk assessment。Lewis Publishers。  new window
15.U. S. EPA(1996)。Clinch Valley watershed : ecological risk assessment planning and problem formulation。Washington, D.C.:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Assessment Forum。  new window
16.U. S. EPA(1996)。Big Darby Creek watershed : ecological risk assessment planning and problem formulation。Washington, D.C.:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Assessment Forum。  new window
17.U. S. EPA(1996)。Middle Snake River watershed : ecological risk assessment planning and problem formulation。Washington, D.C.:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Assessment Forum。  new window
18.U. S. EPA(1998)。Guidelines for ecological risk assessment。Washington, D. C.:Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency。  new window
19.Department of the Army(1999)。Wildlife Toxicity Assessment Draft。Washington D. C.:U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medecine。  new window
其他
1.台灣大學毒理所。「毒理學二」課程大綱,http://cdba.cc.ntu.edu.tw/447M 1120/riskassess.htm。  延伸查詢new window
2.台灣師範大學地球科學系。「海洋學」期末報告:海洋污染,http://www.geos.ntnu.edu.tw/sea/sea91/6/index.html。  延伸查詢new window
3.(2009)。海洋年回顧二:珊瑚礁篇,http://www.wow.org.tw/species-i.htm。  延伸查詢new window
4.Kuznetsov, V.,Maslova, N.(19990420)。NATO bombing to affect ecology of whole region,New York。  new window
圖書論文
1.Brody, M. S.、Troyer, M. E.、Valette, Y.(1993)。Ecological risk assessment case study: modeling future losses of bottomland forest wetlands and changes in wildlife habitat within a Louisiana basin。A Review of Ecological Assessment Case Studies from A Risk Assessment Perspective。Washington, DC:Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency。  new window
 
 
 
 
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