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題名：世界貿易組織農業協定中糧食安全與糧食權之互動關係
書刊名：東吳法律學報
作者：徐揮彥 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hsu, Willian Hui-yen
出版日期：2005
卷期：17:1
頁次：頁151-218
主題關鍵詞：糧食安全；糧食儲存；糧食援助；糧食權；農業貿易；農業協定；馬爾喀什決定；Agreement on agriculture；Agricultural trade；Food security；Food aid；Food stockholding；Right to food
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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在烏拉圭回合後，許多WTO開發中會員主張農業協定之實施對其糧食安全造成嚴重之危害，同時危及其糧食權之保障，但已開發會員則認為，農業貿易之自由化對於糧食安全而言，有正面之確保功能。開發中會員與已開發會員間對於糧食安全之爭論，已為新回合談判中最複雜議題之一。 本文之研究目的在於分析農業貿易是否真正對糧食安全造成負面影響、農業協定下農業貿易與糧食安全之關連以及糧食權之保障對於農業協定下，糧食安全議題之意義如何。本文第二部分，係對目前世界糧食問題之複雜性進行探究，試圖瞭解糧食安全之內涵以及影響糧食安全之狀況之要素及相關制度有何。在此瞭解下，第三部分則對農業貿易協定與糧食安全相關之規範進行研究，其中先探討農業貿易本身之特殊性及其對開發中會員之意義為何，俾利瞭解開發中會員對糧食安全主張之合理性；本部分並對農業協定之主要規範以及糧食安全概念之定位及效力進行分析，並探究不同類型及集團會員對糧食安全之主張內容。第四部分就農業協定對與糧食安全密切相關之三個制度面向，糧食貿易、糧食援助及糧食儲存，分析其在農業協定實施下，就其糧食安全維護之效果有無直接或間接之影響。第五部分則就以上之分析結果，從糧食安全與糧食權之密切關連性，探討糧食權與農業貿易下糧食安全爭議，對一個主要宗旨不在人權保障之組織WTO，在國際法規範及理論上之意義。最後，在第六部分則對於進一步新回合農業貿易談判，在糧食安全之確保及貿易自由化間之平衡，提出規範修正建議。
Food security is one of the most important “non-trade concerns” in the Agreements on Agriculture(AoA). The concern of food security in the AoA reflects the significance of world food problems and the deep connections between the Agreement and food security. The food insecurity per se is equated with the denial and violation of the right to food. Although factors result in food insecurity include natural and men­made ones, the most influential one is the multilateral trading system established by the AoA. If the implementation of the AoA can not maintain food security or even constitute an obstacle to achieve food security, it would hinder the realization to one of the most important objectives of the WTO, namely “economic development”. Therefore, the purpose of this article is trying to develop an investigation of the relationship on maintaining food security and multilateral trading system in the text of right to food. The first part of the article gives an analysis on the world food issues, including the meaning and nature of food security and its relevant issues and relations with the right to food, and how the trade policies affect food security. The second part bases on positive and historical analysis, gives a detail survey on the development of the regulation on agricultural trade and the legal status of the concept of “food security”. The third part will give an evaluation on AoA’s impact to relevant mechanisms regarding food security. The fourth part explores what right to food can contribute to the disputing issue of food security in AoA. Finally, this article ends up in some suggestions toward possible desolations to the food security issues of the AoA.
期刊論文
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