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題名:世界貿易組織法律架構與人權保障理念之接軌--一般例外條款運用法理之探討
書刊名:政大法學評論
作者:徐揮彥 引用關係
作者(外文):hsu, William Hui-yen
出版日期:2002
卷期:71
頁次:頁237-301
主題關鍵詞:一般例外條款人權世界人權宣言發展權生命權健康權公共道德囚犯勞力產品法治自主法律體系自由貿易貿易保護主義自然資源Article XX of GATTPublic moralsFree tradeGeneral exceptionRule of lawHuman rightsAutonomous legal systemRight to developmentRight to lifeRight to healthNatural resourcePrison labour
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:115
  • 點閱點閱:69
     國際貿易法之人權議題浮現之原因,大致有三點。其一係國際人權法制發展趨成熟,使得基本人權保障之價值認知漸趨於一致化(harmonization)、普世化(universalization);其二係受歐洲經整合之過程兼顧對基本權保障經驗的啟發;其三係由於人權與法治之價值於國際法律秩序之重要性。雖然,將人權保障之理念納入國際價值於國際法律體系之發展有其實質之重要性,然而,在實證法之思維下,任何之法律請求必能在實證法(positive law)中尋求規定之依據,始得拘束系爭法律關係之主體,否則此請求僅為一個理念之提出而已,無法形成有法律效力之請求。但是尋遍世界貿易組織下所有附件之協定,將發現完全無任何直接提及人權障之條文。在目前之現實法律下,卻建立一個具備人權保障之條文。在目前之現實法律下,欲建立一個具備人權保障之國際貿易法律架構似乎是一個遙不可及之夢想。 事實上,此理想並非是完全無根據之空泛訴求,在WTO之法律架構中,似乎存在一些可作為人權保障理念於WTO法律架構中,產生法律效力之實證法基礎,一般例外條款即為一重要之接軌點。為了建立一個具備人權保障理念之國際貿易法律架構,本文將從實證法之角度出發,對於世界貿易組織之法律制度自關稅暨貿易總協定第20條之一般例外(general exception)條款進入,以實證分析法(positive analysis approach)、探求人權保障理念在其架構中之基礎,並以歷史分析法與哲學分析法(philosophical analysis approach)比較國際貿易法之基礎理論與國際人權法之基礎理論之異同及其關係,並依據此分析結果作為對於形式國際貿易法律架構,實質妥當性判斷之基礎,最後看出一個健全的、有自主性的且合乎治治原則之國際貿易法律制度,其形式面與實質面之全貌。
     In the ear of globalization, the WTO cannot escape from the issues of interactions between human rights and trading rules. It seems there is no concrete formal legal basis that imposes the WTO legal obligation to respect human rights. However, the general exception clause of GATT, it seems , may be deemed as an appropriate linkage between the WTO and human rights protection. This article begins with the analysis of the relationship between human rights and international trade law. Following from that, a deep survey of Article ××of GATT, analyzing the text of specific paragraphs and reports of the WTO in the light of protection of human rights, leads to a conclusion that there is connection in the realization of human rights in general exception clause of GATT form the prospective of teleological interpretation.
期刊論文
1.Charnovitz, Steven(1987)。The Influence of International Labour Standards on the World Trading Regime: A Historical Overview。International Labour Review,126。  new window
2.Lim, Hoe(2001)。Trade and Human Rights: What’s at Issue?。Journal of World Trade,35(2),278。  new window
3.Feddersen, Christoph T.(1998)。Focusing on Substantive Law in International Economic Relations:。Minnesota Journal of Global Trade,7,78。  new window
4.GATT Secretariat(1970)。The Most-Favoured-Nation Clause in GATT: Rules and Exceptions。Journal of World Trade Law,4,797。  new window
5.Bartels, Lorand(2002)。Article XX of GATT and the problem of extraterritorial jurisdiction : the case of trade measures for the protection of human rights。Journal of World Trade,36(2),353。  new window
6.Addo, Kofi(2002)。The Correlation Between Labour Standards and International Trade: Which Way Forward?。Journal of World Trade,36(2),285-303。  new window
7.洪德欽(19990700)。WTO爭端解決體系之研究。國立臺灣大學法學論叢,28(4),247-316。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.陳曉郁(19960600)。自然法與基本人權。哲學論集,29,197-213。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.徐揮彥(20020200)。世界貿易組織爭端解決機制對法治之落實--「美國貿易法第301-310條款案」之分析。東吳法律學報,13(2),179-220。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.鄧衍森(19980100)。從國際人權法論健康權之法理基礎與實踐方式。東吳法律學報,11(1),55-72。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Pauwelyn, Joost(2001)。The Role of Public International Law in the WTO: How Far Can We Go?。American Journal of International Law,95(3),535-578。  new window
會議論文
1.鄧衍森(2002)。法治與人權在司法院大法官釋憲解釋上的應用與檢討。第四屆亞洲法哲學研討會。  延伸查詢new window
2.Committee on International Trade Law(2002)。Fifth Report of the Committee。International Law Association New Delhi Conference。  new window
圖書
1.Compa, Lance A.、Diamond, Stephen F.(1996)。Human Rights, Labor Rights, and International Trade。Philadelphia, Penn.:University of Pennsylvania Press。  new window
2.Jackson, John H.(1969)。World Trade and the Law of GATT。Bobbs-Merrill Company。  new window
3.Boyle, Alan E.、Anderson, Michael R.(1996)。Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection。Clarendon Press。  new window
4.Higgins, Rosalyn(1994)。Problems and Process: International Law and How to Use it。Oxford University Press。  new window
5.中國人權協會(2001)。人權法典。遠流出版社。  延伸查詢new window
6.羅昌發(1997)。國際貿易法。元照出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.Anderson, Kym、Hoekman, Berbard(2002)。The Global Trading System, Volume 1: Genesis of the GATT。The I. B. Tauris Publishers。  new window
8.Jackson, John(1998)。The World Trade Organization: Constitution and Jurisprudence。the Royal Institution of International Affairs。  new window
9.Steiner, H. J.、Alston, P.(2000)。International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals。Oxford University Press。  new window
10.Harris, D. J.(1998)。Cases and Materials on International Law。London:Sweet & Maxwell。  new window
11.Jackson, John H.(1997)。World Trading System。MIT Press。  new window
12.陳慈陽(2000)。環境法總論。臺北:元照出版公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.孫哲(1995)。新人權論。五南。  延伸查詢new window
14.Malanczuk, P.(1997)。Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law。London:New York:Routledge。  new window
 
 
 
 
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