:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:從多哈發展議程之擬定論世界貿易組織中論貿易與人權之互動關係
作者:徐揮彥 引用關係
作者(外文):Hui-Yen Hsu
校院名稱:東吳大學
系所名稱:法律學系
指導教授:鄧衍森
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:糧食權糧食安全健康權公共衛生世界貿易組織貿易人權多哈發展議程發展勞動權WTOhuman rightsdevelopmentDoha Development Agendalabour rightspublic healthfood security
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:103
從GATT時期至烏拉圭回合談判後之WTO多邊貿易協定,皆未有任何條文提及人權概念,而對藉由推動貿易自由化以提升經濟發展之多邊法律架構的傳統思維及理念,似乎與表面上與「非貿易」概念之人權間,為完全不同之二個法律概念與體系,但在國際貿易規則中亦無發現明文排除人權考量之條文。事實上最早於1970年代,已有國際貿易規則應遵守或實現人權規範之主張。尤其是在烏拉圭回合多邊貿易協商後建立世界貿易組織,其多邊貿易規則實施對每個會員之影響,已不僅在經濟或貿易領域,甚至在環境、社會甚至政治領域帶來始料未及之影響,因此讓貿易與人權之議題在近幾年,又引起熱烈之討論。
就WTO協定前言所揭示宗旨,包括提昇人類生活水平、實質所得及完全就業發展狀態可得知,在理論上貿易制度良善運作之結果,應是與人權之實現不違背。但從GATT時代所開始以自由貿易為理念之國際貿易制度,其本質上並未能讓各方面制度未臻完善之開發中國家從中獲得利益。開發中國家在GATT/WTO制度中對於發展之正當期待利益的滿足,亦是GATT/WTO從自由貿易逐漸轉變為公平貿易之主要原因。在歷屆回合談判及部長會議皆是朝著,建立及提昇開發中國家在多邊貿易制度中對發展之公平性(fairness to development)之方向努力,並在多哈部長會議達到最明顯之狀況。
本研究從WTO過去至多哈發展議程作成之過程中,其中所貫穿之理念係發展之公平性及平等性。而本研究之目的即,在實現各會員在多邊貿易制度發展公平性之目的下,探討貿易與人權之互動關係如何。亦即對於發展公平性之維持及提升,人權與貿易之互動關係所扮演之角色及其作用為何?以及貿易及人權間之良善互動,與各會員尤其是開發中會員在WTO制度下對於發展之正當期待利益之滿足有無助益。
本研究將以「多哈發展議程」所勾勒出之發展政策為基礎,輔以聯合國本身、及其相關機構與歐洲共同體在貿易與發展事務上之實踐,更清楚描繪出對WTO會員(尤其是開發中國家會員)之發展公平性所必要的發展政策為架構。在此發展之政策規範方向,探討人權保障在WTO多邊貿易領域中,在何領域有助於此發展,以及其界限何在之問題。本研究在水平面描繪出以人權為基礎之發展政策規範後,進一步在垂直面以四個在WTO多邊貿易協定中,於發展之過程與人權產生最明顯、直接互動之議題,即一般例外條款可否作為貿易與人權間之平衡條款問題、貿易與勞動調間之互動關係、TRIPS協定對藥品專利之保障與健康權之互動關係以及農業協定之糧食安全與糧食權之互動關係等問題,探討此上述政策規範之作用與意義。
Instead of being like “splendid isolation” and contradictory, the relationship between trade and human rights, as a matter of fact, is mutually enforceable, undividable and complementary. The linkage between trade and human rights can be manifested in the context of development. In a recent report of the WTO, in responding to is open trade a threat to human rights, it was claimed that “in fact, the case for freeing trade is made very definitely in terms of enhancing human welfare – nowhere better than in the preamble to the Marrakesh Agreement that established the WTO.” It was reassured that “trade is a mean to an end, not an end in itself.” The ultimate end of trade is to enhancing human welfare, namely development, in terms of law, realization of human rights. Under the above basis, the purpose of this dissertation is to observe the actual and possible interaction between trade and human rights in the legal framework of the WTO law, with the realistic and functional approach.
The dissertation first analyzes the development policy from GATT era to the establishment of the WTO, and the declaration of Doha Development Agenda. Further, the effectiveness and implication of these development policies are evaluated and studied. The study shows that the real achievement of the WTO development policies can not be attained without the regards of human rights. This normative principle can also be acquired from the practices regarding development of the United Nations, the World Bank and the European Community. In the next part of the dissertation, some specific issues are studied for discovering the interaction between trade and human rights in terms of realization of fair development and the enhancement of human welfare. These specific issues are GATT’s general exception clause and its function to adopt human rights value to WTO framework, the interaction between trade and labour standards, the balance between protection to paten under TRIPS agreement and public health, and the role of the right to food to food security under the Agreement of Agriculture.
In chapter 5, regarding the function of the GATT general exception clause, it is discovered the clause plays an important role to adjust free trade and other values of non-trade concern, especially the value of human rights. In the sub-paragraphs of general exception, measures necessary (a) to protect public morals, (b) to protect human, animal or plant life or health, and measures relating (e) to the products of prison labour, (g) to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources are competent to be normative basis for fundamental human rights such as right to life, right to health, labour rights, environmental rights in the situation necessary to ensure the fair development of Members.
In chapter 6, regarding the long lasting issue on trade and labour between developed and developing Members, it is found that the real development of Members can not been attained by fully ignorance of labour standards, although incompliance to labour standards seems to gain some economic growth in the short term, it would become the vicious circle of underdevelopment. Furthermore, deviation to core labour standards is not only violation to jus cogens, customary international law or general principles, but cause serious distortion to fair development of Members in the context of the WTO. Thus, the inclusion of labour clause, at least the core labour standards, is necessary to the stable and long term development of the WTO.
In chapter 7, regarding the imbalance between the protection to paten holder and public health in TRIPS Agreement, with the teleological interpretation to relevant provision of TRIPS Agreement and the Declaration on “TRIPS Agreement and Public Health” the normative basis for adjusting the protection to paten right and the right to health is found and would be of assurance to human welfare of Members.
In chapter 8, regarding the issues of food security of the Agreement on Agriculture in the context of right to food, although the positive influence of Agreement on Agriculture on food security of developing Members can not be found, due to the existing unfair supports to agriculture of developed Members and critical important role of agriculture to developing Members, any possible or potential varieties caused by the implementation of the Agreement on Agriculture may pose a threat to the situation of food security in developing Members. In order to maintain the stability of the WTO framework and to ensure development of Members, the adoption of right to food value into the Agricultural Agreement would manifest the conditions of food security in developing Members. Further, by this approach the Agreement on Agriculture can really plays a role of bring adequate food and development for all the Members of the WTO.
In conclusion, the relationship between trade and human rights is not contradictory but complementary. By manifesting the well interaction between them in the framework of the WTO, the human welfare and development of Members can effectively assured.
中文書目
1.中國人權協會編,《人權法典》,遠流出版社,民國九十年八月。
2.史迪格里茲(Joseph E. Stiglitz)著,李明譯,《全球化的許諾與失落》,大塊文化出版股份有限公司,民國九十一年九月。
3.行政院研究發展考核委員會,《農業發展與貿易政策》(研究主持人:許文富)。台北:行政院研究發展考核委員會,民國七十五年。
4.行政院經濟設計委員會經濟研究處,《農業發展與糧食消費問題》,台北:行政院經濟設計委員會經濟研究處,民國六十四年。
5.沈恩(Amartya Sen)著,劉楚俊譯,《經濟發展與自由》,先覺出版社,民國九十年。
6.呂志翔、謝中平、蘇拾平譯,《選擇的自由》,六版,長河出版社,民國七十四年。
7.李其慶主編,劉元琪副主編,《全球化與新自由主義》,廣西師範大學出版社,民國九十二年十月。
8.何信全,《海耶克自由理論研究》,聯經出版公司,民國八十年十一月。
9.洪德欽,《WTO法律與政策專題研究》,學林文化事業有限公司,民國九十一年三月。
10.兪寬賜,《國際法新論》,國立編譯館主編,啟英文化事業有限公司,民國九十一年。
11.張福建、蘇文流主編,《民主理論:古典與現代》,中央研究院中山人文社科研究所專書(35),台北,中山人文社會科學研究所,民國八十四年六月。
12.張乃維,《國際法上人權與其保障問題》,台灣商務印書館,民國六十八年八月。
13.孫哲,《新人權論》,五南出版社,民國八十四年一月。
14.喬治˙索羅斯(George Soros)著,張逸安譯,《索羅斯論全球化》,聯經出版社,民國九十一年九月。
15.黃立、李貴英、林彩瑜,《國際貿易法論》,元照出版社,民國八十九年。new window
16.簡基昇,《西雅圖會議後WTO面對之開發中國家問題》,政大貿研所碩士論文,民國八十九年六月。
17.顏子魁,《國際金融及貿易體系新發展》,國立編譯館主編,民國八十八年一月。
18.羅昌發,《國際貿易法》,元照出版社,民國八十八年。
19.羅昌發著,《WTO發展方向及台港經貿關係》,新時代法律事務所,民國八十六年。
20.羅昌發,《貿易關係之法律問題》,月旦出版公司,民國八十三年六月。
21.羅昌發等著,《參與GATT對農業之衝擊及政策因應》,業強出版社,民國八十三年。
22.羅昌發著,《WTO發展方向及台港經貿關係》,新時代經貿法律事務所,民國八十六年八月。
23.經濟部國際貿易局,《GATT農產貿易爭議解決案例分析-我國農產品貿易措施之檢討》〈研究人員:羅昌發、蔡宏明〉,經濟部國際貿易局,民國八十一年。
24.蘇俊雄,《法治政治》,新政治學叢書,正中書局,民國七十九年9月初版。
25.三宅正太郎著,財稅人員訓練所財稅日文翻譯小組譯。《貿易摩擦與關稅暨貿易總協定》。台北:財政部財稅人員訓練所,民國七十七年七月。
26.Ian Roxborough著,馬紹章譯,《發展理論》,聯經出版公司,民國七十七年。

中文期刊
1.牛惠之,〈軟法之法律效力與其在國際經濟規範中之發展〉,《經社法制論叢》,20:173-216,民國八十六年七月。
2.李元和,〈世界糧食安全問題之探討〉,《農政與農情》,57:59-64,民國八十六年。
3.李正茂,〈WTO新回合農業談判現況與可能發展〉,《農政與農情》,131: 38-39民國九十二年。
4.李舟生,〈對挪威所提「糧食安全與農業生產功能」報告之評析(上)〉,《雜糧與畜產》,310:10-16,民國八十八年。
5.李舟生,〈對挪威所提「糧食安全與農業生產功能」報告之評析(下)〉,《雜糧與畜產》,312:13-18,民國八十八年。
6.李舟生,〈WTO農業協議執行的回顧與展望〉,《進口救濟論叢》,13: 185-300,民國八十七年。
7.李舟生,〈世界糧食高峰會議檢析(上)〉,《農政與農情》,57:65-78,民國八十六年。
8.李舟生,〈全球糧食安全與農業政策〉,《雜糧與畜產》,286: 2-11,民國八十六年。
9.李舟生,〈世界糧食安全問題〉,《農政與農情》,49:48-53,民國八十五年。
10.李孟玢,〈論奴隸制度、奴役制度與強迫勞動之禁止:以歐洲人權公約第四條為中心〉,《經社法制論叢》,第二十七期,第321-350頁,民國九十年一月。
11.李孟玢,論世界人權宣言之基本性質與法律效力,中正大學法律集刊,第一期,第333頁,民國八十七年。
12.李貴英,〈歐洲共同體對開發中國家之優惠待遇-法律規範與經濟發展〉,《歐美研究》,第三十四卷第四期,675-735頁,民國九十三年十二月。
13.林宜男,〈糧食與農業之植物基因資源國際相關規範之研析〉,《農政與農情》,145: 6-9,民國九十三年七月)。
14.林家榮,〈WTO坎昆部長會議農業談判情形〉,《農政與農情》,136: 6-9,民國九十二年)。
15.林彩瑜,〈開發中國家與WTO「特殊且差別之待遇」條款〉,《台大法學論叢》,第三十一卷第一期,第289頁,民國九十一年一月。
16.吳榮傑,〈從貿易自由化看糧食安全〉,《台灣土地金融季刊》,36(3): 69-91,民國八十八年。
17.邱政宗,〈國際協定「排除條款」的起源及適用條件—兼論我國入會時應否對中共主張排除條款〉,立法院院聞,29卷4期,頁102-125,民國九十年。
18.倪貴榮,〈WTO智慧財產權保護與公共健康議題之發展趨勢〉,《經社法制論叢》,第三十一期,頁 129-158,民國九十二年。
19.胡春雷,〈世界經濟全球化之分析〉,《美國月刊》,第七卷第五期,頁115-130,民國八十一年五月。
20.洪朝輝,〈全球化-跨世紀的顯學〉,《問題與研究》,第39卷第8期,第73頁,民國八十九年八月。
21.洪德欽,〈歐盟對外貿易與發展協定之人權條款〉,《歐美研究》,第三十四卷第一期,頁143-202,民國九十三年三月。
22.洪德欽,〈區域經濟整合與GATT/WTO〉,《台大法學論叢》,29卷4期,頁209-257,民國八十九年。
23.徐揮彥,〈論國際經濟法律架構下競爭規範之理論基礎:以人權保障之理念為中心〉,《東吳法律學報》,第14卷第1期,頁146-152,台北,民國九十一年八月。
24.徐揮彥,〈世界貿易組織爭端解決機制對法治之落實-「美國貿易法第301-310條款案」之分析〉,《東吳法律學報》,第十三卷第二期,第179頁,民國九十一年八月。
25.徐遵慈,〈建構台灣參與國際經貿組織之整體策略〉,《經濟前瞻》,89: 78-83民國九十二年。
26.陳舜華,〈既患寡又患不均:全球糧食安全問題概觀〉,《台灣經濟研究月刊》,25(12):125-135,民國九十一年。
27.陳井星,〈論智慧財產權的概念-從WTO與貿易有關智慧財產權協定之觀點〉,《法令月刊》,第53卷第6期,頁438-442,台北,民國九十一年六月。
28.楊明憲,〈WTO新回合農業談判有關糧食安全議題之分析〉,《農業金融論叢》,47: 29-62,民國九十一年。
29.楊明憲,〈WTO規範與糧食安全〉,《農政與農情》,116: 44-49,民國九十一年。
30.鄧衍森,〈法治與人權〉,《東吳法律學報》,第十五卷第二期,第163頁,民國九十三年三月)。
31.廖福特,〈人權宣言?人權法典?-「歐洲人權基本權利憲章」之分析〉,《歐美研究》,第三十一卷第四期,第689頁,民國九十年十二月。
32.鄧衍森,從國際人權法論健康權之法理基礎與實踐方式,東吳大學法律學報,第十一卷第一期,第66頁,民國八十七年一月。
33.陳曉郁,自然法與基本人權,輔仁大學哲學論集,第29期,第197頁,民國八十五年六月。
34.謝銘洋,〈智慧財產權之概念與法律體系〉,台大法學論叢,第24卷第1期,頁419-420,台北(1994年12月)。
35.羅昌發,〈WTO下之「Doha發展議程」與我國之參與〉,《貿易調查專刊》,第七期,頁127-145,民國九十一年七月。

研討會論文集
1.廖福特,〈尚未發展完備之發展權〉,「人權與民主」學術研討會,財團法人台灣民主基金會、政大台灣研究中心,台北,中華民國九十二年十一月廿八日。
2.WTO新回合談判綜合研討會,經濟部、外交部、農委會、公平會、工程會、中經院WTO中心、全國工總舉辦,台北,中華民國九十二年十一月十七、十八日。
3.WTO、科技與環境學術研討會論文集,台灣大學法律學院WTO研究中心、財團法人台大法學基金會舉辦,台北,中華民國九十二年四月五日。
4.李孟玢,〈聯合國人權法制對廢除死刑之立場與貢獻〉,廢除死刑之理論與策略,中央研究院歐美研究所,台北,中華民國九十三年五月十四日。
5.林克敬,〈智慧財產權耗盡問題與公平交易法〉,第二屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會,公平交易委員會,頁129-130,台北,中華民國八十八年四月。
6.ICTSD, TRIPS, Biological Resources and Public Health: Documents and Discussion Papers Presented at the ICTSD-African Group Roundtable, ICTSD, 2001.
7.WIPO, Intellectual Property and Human Rights, WIPO, 1999.
8.International Commission of Jurists, Development, Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Report of a Conference held in the Hague on 27 April – 1 May 1981, Pergamon Press, 1981.

英文書目
1.Abbott, K. W. (2003). Development Policy in the New Millennium and the Doha “Development Round”. Malina: Asian Development Bank.
2.Abi-Saab, G. (ed.) (1981). The Concept of International Organizations. Paris: UNESCO.
3.Allen, T. and Thomas, A. (Eds.) (2000). Poverty and Development into the 21PstP Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4.Alston, P and Crawford, J. (2000). The Future of UN Human Rights Treaty Monitoring. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5.Aristotle(1998). The Nicomachean Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6.Arts, K. (2000). Integrating Human Rights into Development Cooperation: The Case of the Lomé Convention. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
7.Arup, C. (2000). The New World Trade Organization Agreements: Globalizing Law Through Services and Intellectual Property. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8.Aust, A. (2000). Modern Treaty Law and Practice. Cambridge University Press.
9.Barros, J. (Ed.) (1972). The United Nations: past, present and future. New York: The Free Press.
10.Bhagwati, J. and Hirsch, M. (Eds.) (1998). The Uruguay Round and Beyond. New York: Springer-Verlag.
11.Bhagwati, J. N. (Ed.) (1977). The New International Economic Order: The North-South Debate. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
12.BhandarI, S. (1998). World Trade Organization (WTO) and Developing Countries: Diplomacy to Rules Based System. New Delhi: Deep & Deep.
13.Blackburn, R. and Busuttil, J. J. (1997). Human Rights for the 21PstP Century. London: Pinter.
14.Blanpain, R (Ed.) (2001). Labour Law, Human Rights and Social Justice. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
15.Bottomley, S. and Kinley, D. (Eds.) (2002). Commercial Law and Human Rights. Aldershot, Hampshire, England ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company,.
16.Boyle, A. E. and Anderson, M. R. (1996). Human Rights Approaches to Environment Protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
17.Bronckers, M. and Reinhard, Q. (Eds.) (2000). New Directions in International Economic Law: Essays in Honour of John H. Jackson. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
18.Brownlie, I. (1998). The Rule of Law in International Affairs: International Law at the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
19.Cassese, A. and Weiler, J. H. H. (Eds.) (1988). Change and Stability in International Law-Making. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.
20.Cameron, J. and Campbell, K. (Eds.) (1998). Dispute Resolution in the World Trade Organisation. London: Cameron May Ltd.
21.Cane, P. and Tushnet, M. (Eds.) (2003). The Oxford Handbook of Legal Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
22.Cheng, C. J. (2001). New Sources of International Economic Law. Los Angeles: Regency Publishing Worldwide.
23.Chenery, H. and Srinivasan, T.N. (Eds.) (1988). Handbook of Development Economics .V. 1. New York: North Holland.
24.Cholewinski, R. (1997). Migrant Workers in International Human Rights Law: Their Protection in Countries of Employment. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
25.Chomsky, N. (1999). Profit over People. New York: Seven Stories Press.
26.Coomans, F. and van Hoof, F. (Eds.) (1995). The Right to Complain about Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (SIM Special No. 18). Utrecht: SIM.
27.Cotran, E. and Sherif, A. O. (Eds.) (1997). The Role of the Judiciary in the Protection of Human Rights. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
28.Craven, M. C. R. (1995). The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
29.Darrow, M. (2003). Between Light and Shadow: The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and International Human Rights Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
30.den Berg, H. V. (2001). Economic Growth and Development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
31.Degan ,V.D. (1997). Sources of International Law. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
32.Desta, M. G. (2002). The Law of Institutional Trade in Agricultural Products: From GATT 1947 to the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. The Hague, London, New York: Kluwer Law International.
33.Dixon, M. (2000). Textbook on International Law (4PthP Ed.). London: Blackstone Press.
34.Drost, P. N. (1965). Human Rights as Legal Rights. Leyden: A. W. Sijthoff-Leyden.
35.Eichelberger, C. M. (1966). New Dimensions for the United Nations: The Problems of the Next Decade. New York: Ocean Publications, Inc.
36.Francioni, F. (Ed.) (2001). Environment, Human Rights and International Trade. Oxford, Hart Publishing.
37.Franck, T. M. (1995). Fairness in International Law and Institutions. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
38.Forsythe, D. P. (2000). Human Rights in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39.Gutteridge, J. A. C. (1969). The United Nations in a Changing World. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
40.Harris, D. J. (1998). Cases and Materials on International Law (5PthP Ed). London: Sweet & Maxwell Limited.
41.Hathaway, D. E. (1987). Agriculture Trade and the GATT: Rewriting the Rules. Washington: Institute for International Economics.
42.Henkin, L. and Hargrove, J. L. (Eds.) (1994). Human Rights: An Agenda for the Next Century. Washington: ASIL.
43.Hilf, M. and Petersmann E. (Eds.) (1993). National Constitutions and International Economic Law. The Hague: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers.
44.Hoekman, B. M. and Kostecki, M. M. (1995). The Political Economy of the World Trading System: From GATT to WTO. New York: Oxford University Press.
45.Hubbard, M. (2003). Developing Agricultural Trade: new roles for government in poor countries. New York: Parlgrave Macmillian.
46.Hudec, R. E. (1999). Essays on the Nature of International Trade Law. London: Cameron May Ltd.
47.Hudec, R. E. (1990). The GATT Legal System and World Trade Diplomacy (2PndP Ed). Salem, NH: Butterworth Legal Publishers.
48.Hayden, P. (2001). The Philosophy of Human Rights. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House.
49.Islam, N. and Valdes A. (Eds.) (1990). The GATT, Agriculture, and the Developing Countries. Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute.
50.Jackson, J. H., Davey, W. J. and Sykes, A. O. Jr. (2002). Legal Problems of International Economic Relations (4PthP ed.). St Paul: West Publishing Co.
51.Jackson, J. H. (2000). The Jurisprudence of GATT and WTO. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
52.Jackson, J. H.(1998). The World Trade Organization: Constitution and Jurisprudence. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs.
53.Jackson, J. H. (1997). The World Trading SystemT: law and policy of international economic relationsT ( 2PndP ed). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
54.Jackson, J. H. (1990). Restructuring the GATT System. New York: Council of Foreign Relations Press.
55.Jennings R. and Watts, A. (Eds.) (1996). Oppenheim’s International Law (9PthP ed.). Harlow, Essex, England: Longman.
56.Josling, T. E., Tangermann, S. and Warley, T. K. (1996). Agriculture in the GATT. London: MacMillian Press Ltd.
57.Joyner, C. C. (Ed.)(1997). The United Nations and International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
58.Kelly, J.M. (1993). A Short History of Western Legal Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
59.Kelsen, H. (1951). The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems. London: Steven & Sons Limited.
60.Kelson H. (1967). Principles of International Law (2PndP Ed.). New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
61.Kennedy, D. L. M. and Southwick, J. D. (Eds.) (2002). The Political Economy of International Trade Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
62.Klabbers, J. (2002). An Introduction to International Institutional Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63.Krueger, A. O. (Ed.) (1988). Development with Trade. San Francisco: ICS Press.
64.Kuznets, S. (1966). Modern Economic Growth. New Haven: Yale University Press.
65.Lauterpacht, H. (1996). Development of International Law by the International Court. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
66.Lauterpacht, H. (1950). International Law and Human Rights. London: Stevens & Sons Limited.
67.Hersch Lauterpacht (1933). The Function of Law in the International Community. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books.
68.Lillich, R. B. (1991). International Human Rights: Problems of Law, Policy, and Practices. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
69.Lindroos, A. (1999). The Right to Development. Helsinki: Faculty of Law of the University of Helsinki.
70.Long, O.(1985). Law and Its Limitations in the GATT Multilateral Trade System. Dordrecht: Msrtinus Nijhoff Pubblishers.
71.Malanczuk, P. (1997). Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law ( 7PthP ed.). London and New York: Routledge.
72.McMahon, J. A. (1992). Agricultural Trade, and the Problems of Development: A Legal Perspective. Leicester and London: Leicester University Press.
73.Mehra, M. (Ed.) (1999). Human Rights and Economic Globalisation: Directions for the WTO. Uppsala, Sweden: Global Publications Foundation.
74.Meron, T. (Ed.) (1984). Human Rights in International Law: Legal and Policy Issues. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
75.Michalopoulos, C. (2001). Developing Countries in the WTO. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave.
76.Morgenthau, H.J. (1985). Politics among Nations: the struggle for power and peace ( 6PthP ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
77.Ovey, C. and White, R. C.A. (2002). European Convention on Human Rights. (2PndP Ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
78.OECD (2001). The Development Dimensions of Trade. Paris: OECD.
79.Pauwelyn, J. (2003). Conflict of Norms in Public International Law: How WTO Law Relates to Other Rules of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
80.Perry, M. J. (1998). The Idea of Human Rights. New York: Oxford University Press.
81.Petersmann, E. (1997). International Trade Law and the GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
82.Petersmann, E. (1997). The GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
83.Posner, R. A. (1990). The Problems of Jurisprudence. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
84.Russell, R. B. (1958). A History of the United Nations Charter: The Role of the United States 1940-1945. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
85.Sampson, G. P. (Ed.) (2001). The Role of the World Trade Organization in Global Governance. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
86.Sands, P. and Klein, P. (2001). Bowett’s Law of International Institutions (5PthP ed.). London: Sweet & Maxwell.
87.Schachter, O. and Joyner, C. C. (Eds.) (1995). United Nations Legal Order, v. 1. New York, Cambridge: ASIL, Grotius Publications Cambridge University Press.
88.Seidl-Hohenveldern, I. (1992). International Economic Law (2PndP revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
89.Sen, A. (1981). Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. New York: Oxford University Press.
90.Sharp, W. R. (1969). The United Nations Economic and Social Council. New York: Columbia University Press.
91.Shaw , J. (2000). Law of the European Union ( 3PrdP Ed). Durham, N.C.: Palgave.
92.Shelton, D. (1999). Remedies in International Human Rights Law. New York: Oxford University Press.
93.Sieghart, P. (1983). The International Law of Human Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
94.Simma, B. (Ed.) (2002). The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary, (2PndP Ed) v. II. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
95.Skogly, S. I (2001). The Human Rights Obligations of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. London: Cavendish Limited.
96.Sohn, L. B. (1967). Cases on United Nations Law (2PndP Ed.). Brooklyn: The Foundation Press, Inc.
97.Steiner, H. J., Vagts, D. F. and Koh, H. H. (1994). Transnational Legal Problems (4PthP Ed.). Westbury, N.Y.: Foundation Press.
98.Tessitore, J. and Woolfson, S. (Eds.)(1997). A Global Agenda: Issues Before the 52PndP General Assembly of the United Nations. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
99.Tetzlaff, R. (1993). Human Rights and Development: German and international comments and documents. Bonn: Foundation Development and Peace (SEF).
100.Trebilcock, M. J. and Howse, R. (1998). The Regulation of International Trade (2nd ed). London and New York: Routledge.
101.Tridimas, T. (1999). The General Principles of EC Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
102.Qureshi, A. H. (Ed.) (2002). Perspectives in International Economic Law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
103.Qureshi, A. H. (1996). The World Trade Organization: Implementing international trade norms. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
104.UNDP(2003). Human Development Report 2003: Millennium Development Goals: A compact among nations to end human poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.
105.van Themaat, P. V. (1981). The Changing Structure of International Economic Law. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
106.van Dijck, P. and Feber, G. (Eds.) (1996). Challenges to the New World Organization. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
107.Voitovich, S. A. (1994). International Economic Organizations in the International Legal Process. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
108.Warley, T. K. (Ed.) (1967). Agricultural Producers and Their Markets. New York: Augustus M. Kelley Publishers.
109.Weatherill, S. and Beaumont, P. (1999). EU Law (3rd Ed). London: Penguin Group.
110.Weiler, J. H. H. (1999). The Constitution of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
111.Weiss, F., Denters, E. and de Waart, P. (Eds.) (1998). International Economic Law with a Human Face. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
112.Whalley J. (Ed.) (1989). Developing Countries and the Global Trading System V.1, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
113.White, E. W. (1964). The GATT and Economic Development. Geneva: Secretariat of the GATT.
114.Wilber, C. K. (Ed.) (1973). The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment. New York: Random House.
115.World Bank(2004). Global Economic Prospects. Washington: The World Bank,.
116.World Bank (2003). Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals . Washington: World Bank.
117.World Bank (2003). Accountability at the World Bank: The Inspection Panel 10 Years On. Washington: World Bank.
118.World Bank(2002). Globalization, Growth and Poverty. New York, Washington: World Bank, Oxford University Press.
119.World Bank(2002). Integrating Gender into the World Bank’s Work: A Strategy for Action. Washington: World Bank.
120.World Bank(2002). Public Health and World Bank Operations. Washington: World Bank.
121.World Bank (2001). Engendering Development: Though Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice. New York: Oxford University Press.
122.World Bank (2001). Making Sustainable Development: An Environment Strategy for the World Bank. Washington: World Bank.
123.World Bank (1998). Development and Human Rights: The Role of the World Bank. Washington: World Bank.
124.World Bank (1995). Mainstreaming the Environment: The World Bank Group and the Environment since the Rio Earth Summit. Washington: World Bank.
125.WTO Secretariat (2000). From GATT to the WTO: The Multilateral Trading System in the New Millennium. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
126.Yusuf, A. (1982). Legal Aspects of Trade Preferences for Developing States. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

英文期刊
1.Addo, K. (2002). The Correlation Between Labour Standards and International Trade: which way forward? Journal of World Trade, 36, 2: 285-303.
2.Alfredsson, G. (1987). A Possible First Step in the Implementation of the Right to Development. Nordic Journal on Human Rights, 3: 78-81.
3.Alston, P. (2002). Resisting the Merger and Acquisition of Human Rights by Trade Law: A Reply to Petersmann. European Journal of International Law, 13, 3: 815-844.
4.Alston, P. (1998). Making Space for New Human Rights: The Case of the Right to Development. Harvard Human Rights Yearbook, 1: 3-40.
5.Alston, P. (1982). A Third Generation of Solidarity Rights: Progressive Development or Obfuscation of International Human Rights Law? Netherlands International Law Review, XXIX: 307322.
6.Alston, P. (1980). Linking Trade and Human Rights. German Yearbook of International Law, 23: 126-158.
7.Amerasinghe, C. F. (1994). Interpretation of Texts in Open International Organizations. British Yearbook of International Law, LXV: 175-209.
8.Anand, S. and Sen, A. (1994). Human Development Index: Methodology and Measurement. Human Development Report Office Occasional Papers No. 12.
9.Bal, S. (2001). International Free Trade Agreements and Human Rights: Reinterpreting Article XX of the GATT. Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, 10, Winter: 62-108.
10.Barshefsky, C. (2000). The Trade Policy and the Rule of Law. Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, 9, Summer: 361-368.
11.Bello, W. (1999). Domesticating Market: A Social Justice Perspective on the Debate over a few Global Financial Architecture. Multinational Monitor, 20, 3: available at: http://multinationalmonitor.org/mm1999/mm9903.09.html.
12.Botchway, F. N. (2001). Good Governance: The Old, The New, The Principle and The Elements. Florida Journal of International Law, 13, Spring: 159-210.
13.Brownlie, I. (1995). International law at the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations. General Course on Public International Law. Recueil des cours, 255: 9-228.
14.Brownlie, I. (1979-I). Legal Status of Natural Resources in International Law (some aspects). Recueil des cours, 162: 245-318.
15.Bunn, I. D. (2000). From International Trade to International Economic Law: the Right to Development: Implications for International Economic Law. American University International Law Review, 15: 1425-1467.
16.Charnovitz, S. (2002). The Legal Status of the Doha Declarations. Journal of International Economic Law, 5, 1: 207-219.
17.Charnovitz, S. (1994). The World Trade Organization and Social Issues. Journal of World Trade, 29, 5: 17-33.
18.Carlson, J. (1985). Hunger, Agricultural Trade Liberalization, and Soft International Law: Addressing the Legal Dimensions of a Political Problem. Iowa Law Review, 70, July: 1187-1277.
19.Cho, S. (2004). A Bridge Too Far: The Fall of The Fifth WTO Ministerial Conference in Cancún and the Future of Trade Constitution. Journal of International Economic Law, 7, 2: 219-244.
20.Clapham, A. (1999). Globalization and the Rule of Law. The Review/ International Commission of Jurists. 61: 17-33.
21.Cottier, T. and Panizzon, M. (2004). Legal Perspectives on Traditional Knowledge: The Case for Intellectual Property Protection. Journal of International Economic Law, 7, 2: 371-399.
22.Cottier, T. (2002). Trade and Human Rights: A Relationship to Discover. Journal of International Economic Law, 5, 1: 111-132.
23.Cottier, T. and Caplazi, A. (2000). Labour Standards and World Trade Law: Interfacing Legitimate Concerns. Welche menschenrechtliche Verantwortung haben transnationale Konzerne? Seminar held by Menschenrecht Schweiz MERS, Bern Switzerland. at: HThttp://www.humanrights.ch/cms/pdf/000303_cottier_caplazi.pdfTH
24.Cullen, H. (1999). The Limits of International Trade Mechanisms in Enforcing Human Rights: The Case of Child Labour. The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 7: 1-29.
25.Czapliňski, W. and Danilenko, G. (1990). Conflicts of Norms in International Law. Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 342.
26.Dias, C. J. (2002). No Development Without Human Rights. UN Chronicle, Xxxix, 3: 56-57.
27.Dieng, A. (1999). The Rule of Law in a Changing World. The Review/ International Commission of Jurists, 61: 7.
28.Dommen, C. (2002). Raising Human Rights Concerns in the World Trade Organization: Actors, Processes and Possible Strategies. Human Rights Quarterly, 24, 1: 1-50.
29.El-Naggar, S. (1969). The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: Background, Aims and Policies. Recueil des cours, 128: 241-345.
30.Finger, J. M. (2002). The Doha Agenda and Development: A View from the Uruguay Round. Asian Development Bank ERD Working Paper, Series No. 21.
31.Ford, S. M. (2000). Compulsory Licensing Provisions Under the TRIPS Agreement: Balancing Pills and Patents. American University International Law Review, 15: 941-974.
32.Gadbaw, R. M. (1989). Intellectual Property and International Trade: Merger or Marriage of Convenience? Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 22, 2: 223-242.
33.Garcia, F. J. (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 50 and the Challenge of Global Market: Trading away the Human Rights Principles. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 25: 51-97.
34.García-Castrillón, C. O. (2002). An Approach to the WTO Ministerial Declaration on TRIPS Agreement and Public Health. Journal of International Economic Law, 5,1: 212-219.
35.Gathii, J. T. (2002). The Legal Status of the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, 15, Spring: 291-317.
36.GATT Secretariat(1970). The Most-Favoured-Nation Clause in GATT: Rules and Exceptions. Journal of World Trade Law, 4: 797.
37.Gonzalez, C. G. (2002). Institutionalizing Inequality: the WTO Agreement, Food Security, and Developing Countries. Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, 27, 2: 433-490.
38.Goodman, R. (2000). International Human Rights Law in Practice: Norms and National Security: the WTO as a Catalyst for Inquiry. Chicago Journal of International Law, 2, Spring: 101-119.
39.Goodrich, L. (1947). From League of Nations to United Nations. International Organization, 1: 3-21.
40.Gross, A. M. (1999). International Trade and Development: Exploring the Impact of Fair Trade Organization in the Global Economy and the Law. Texas International Law Journal, 34, Summer: 379-411.
41.Hamm, B. I. (2001). A Human Rights Approach to Development. Human Rights Quarterly, 23, 4: 1005-1031.
42.Haque, I. (2002). Doha Development Agenda: Recapturing the Momentum of Multilateralism and Developing Countries. American University International Law Review, 17: 1097-1129.
43.Helfer, L. R. (2004). Regime Shifting: The TRIPs Agreement and New Dynamics of International Intellectual Property Lawmaking. Yale Journal of International Law, 29, Winter: 1-83.
44.Hoen, E. (2002). TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents, and Access to Essential Medicines: a Long Way From Seattle to Doha. Chicago Journal of International Law. 3: 27-46.
45.Howse, R. (2002). Human Rights in the WTO: Whose Rights, What Humanity? Common on Petersmann. European Journal of International Law, 13, 3: 651-659.
46.Howse, R. (1999). World Trade Organization and the Protection of Workers’ Rights. The Journal of Small and Emerging Business Law, 3, Summer: 131-172.
47.Hudec, R. E. (1998). Does the Agreement on Agriculture Work? Agricultural Disputes after the Uruguay Round. International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Working Paper 98-2.
48.Jarvis, L. M. (2000). Women’s Rights and the Public Morals Exception of GATT Article 20. Michigan Journal of International Law, 22, Fall: 219-238.
49.Jackson, J. H. (1999). Fragmentation or Unification Among International Institutions: the World Trade Organization. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 31, Summer: 823-831.
50.Kalir, D. M. (2000). Taking Globalization Seriously: Towards General Jurisprudence. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 39: 785-821.
51.Kapstein, E. B. (1999). Distributing the Gains: Justice and International Trade. Journal of International Affairs, 52, 2: 531-555.
52.Kearns, A. P. Iii(1998).The Right to Food Exists Via Customary International Law. Suffolk Transnational Law Review, 22, Winter: 223-257.
53.Kennedy, K. C. (2001). International Trade in Agriculture: Where We’ve Been, Where We Are, And Where We’re Headed. Michigan State University-DCL Journal of International Law, 10, Spring: 1-5.
54.Khan, Z. (2000). International Human Rights. Across Borders Gonzaga International Law Journal, 3, 1: at .
55.Langille, B. A. (1997). Eight Ways to Think about International Labour Standards. Journal of World Trade, 31, 4: 27-53.
56.Lim, H. (2001). Trade and Human Rights: What’s at Issue? Journal of World Trade, 35, 2: 275-300.
57.Macklem, P. (2002). Labour Law Beyond Borders. Journal of International Economic Law, 5, 3: 605-645.
58.McGinnis, J. (2003). The Appropriate Hierarchy of Global Multilateralism and Customary International Law: The Example of the WTO. Virginia Journal of International Law, 44, Fall: 229-284.
59.Mellor, J. W. (1987). The Right to Food: Action to Address the Hunger Problem: The Policy Variables Needed to Address the Hunger Problem. Howard Law Journal, 30: 269-279.
60.Meron, T. (1986). On a Hierarchy of International Human Rights. American Journal of International Law. 80, January: 1-23.
61.Meron, T. (2003). International Law in the Age of Human Rights. Recueil des cours, 301: 9-490.
62.Michalopoulos, C. (1999). The Developing Countries in the WTO. World Economy, 22, 1: 117-143.
63.Murphy, S. (2002). Structural Distortions in World Agricultural Market: Do WTO Rules Supports Sustainable Agriculture? Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, 27, 2: 605-611.
64.Moorman, Y. (2001). Integration ILO Core Rights Labor Standards into the WTO. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 39: 555-583.
65.Nagan, W. (2002). Intellectual Property, Access to Health Care, and Human Rights: South Africa v. United States. Florida Journal of International Law, 14, Spring: 155-191.
66.O’Manique, J. (1992). Human Rights and Development. Human Rights Quarterly, 4, 1: 78-103.
67.Paltrowitz, J. H. (2000). A ‘Greening’ of the World Trade Organization? A Case Comment on the Asbestos Report. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 26, 4: 1789-1838.
68.Petersmann, E. (2003). Human Rights and the Law of the World Trade Organization. Journal of World Trade, 37, 2: 241-281.
69.Petersmann, E. (2002). Time for a United Nations ‘Global Compact’ for Integrating Human Rights into the Law of World Organizations: Lessons from European Integration. European Journal of International Law. 13, 3: 621-650.
70.Petersmann, E. (2001). Time for Integrating Human Rights into the Law of Worldwide Organizations. Jean Monnet Working Paper No.7/01, http://www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/papers/01/012301.html.
71.Petersmann, E. (2001). Human Rights and International Economic Law in the 21PstP Century: The Need to Clarify their Interrealtionships. Journal of International Economic Law, 4, 1: 3-39.
72.Petersmann, E. (2000). Prevention and Settlement of International Trade Disputes Between the European Union and the United States. Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law Journal, 8, Spring: 233-260.
73.Petersmann, E. (2000). From ‘Negative’ to ‘Positive’ Integration in the WTO: Time for ‘Mainstreaming Human Rights’ into WTO Law? Common Market Law Review, 37, 6: 1363-1382.
74.Petersmann, E. (2000). The WTO Constitution and Human Rights. Journal of International Economic Law, 3, 1: 19-25.
75.Petersmann, E. (1999). Proposals for Strengthening the UN Dispute Settlement System: Lessons for International Economic Law. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 3: 105.
76.Petersmann, E. (1999). Constitutionalism and International Adjudication: How to Constitutionalize the U.N. Dispute Settlement System? New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 31, Summer: 753-790.
77.Reed, O. L. (2001). Law, the Role of Law, and Property: A Foundation for the Private Market and Business Study. American Business Law Journal, 38, 1: 441-473.
78.Ritch, M. and Dawkins, K. (2000). WTO Food and Agricultural Rules: Sustainable Agriculture and the Human Right to Food. Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, 9, Winter: 9-39.
79.Sajo, A. (2002). Socioeconomic Rights and the International Economic Order. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 35, Fall: 221-261.
80.Sano, H. (2000). Development and Human Rights: The Necessary, but Partial Integration of Human Rights and Development. Human Rights Quarterly, 22: 734-752.
81.Simma, B. and Alston, P. (1992). The Sources of Human Rights Law: Custom, Jus Cogens, and General Principles. Australian Yearbook of International Law, 12: 82-108.
82.Smeets, M. (1990). Globalization and the Trade Policy Response. Journal of World Trade, 24, 5: 57-73.
83.Smith, F. (2000). ‘Multifunctionality’ and ‘Non-Trade’ Concerns’ in the Agriculture Negotiations. Journal of International Economic Law, 3 ,4: 707-713 .
84.Steiner, H. J. (1998). Social Rights and Economic Development: Converging Discourses? Buffalo Human Rights Law Review, 4: 25-42.
85.Subedi, S. P. (2003). The Road from Doha: The Issues for the Development Round of the WTO and the Future of International Trade. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 52, 2: 425-446.
86.Sun, H. (2004). The Road to Doha and Beyond: Some Reflections on the TRIPS Agreement and the Public Health. European Journal of International Law, 15, 1: 123-150.
87.Taylor, O. (2004). Interrelationships: International Economic Law and Developing Countries. Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 27: spring: 187-193.
88.Thiis, Ø. W. (1996). Norwegian Development Assistance and the Right to Development. Human Rights in Developing Countries Yearbook, 3-36.
89.Torres, M. A. (2002). The Human Right to Health, National Courts, and Access to HIV/AIDS Treatment: A Case Study from Venezuela. Chicago Journal of International Law, 3, Spring: 105-114.
90.Trachtman, J. P. (2003). Legal Aspects of A Poverty Agenda at the WTO: Trade Law and ‘Global Apartheid’. Journal of International Economic Law, 6, 1: 3-21.
91.Udombana, N. J. (2000). The Third World and the Right to Development: Agenda for the Next Millennium. Human Rights Quarterly, 22: 753-787.
92.Vierdag, E.W. (1994). Some Remarks About Special Features of Human Rights Treaties. Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, XXV: 119.
93.Wai, R. (2003). Countering, Branding, Dealing: Using Economic and Social Rights in and around the International Trade Regime. European Journal of International Law, 14, 1: 35-84.
94.Ward, H. (1996). Common but Differentiated Debates: Environment, Labour and the World Trade Organization. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 45, 3: 592-632.
95.Warner, M. A. A. (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 50 and the Challenge of Global Market: Globalization and Human Rights: An Economic Model. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 25: 99-112.
96.Weiss, F. (1998). The WTO and the Progressive Development of International Trade Law. Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, XXⅨ: 71-115.
97.Weiss, F. (1996). Internationally Recognized Labour Standards and Trade. Legal Issues of European Integration, 23, 1: 161-178.
98.Weissman, R. (1996). A Long, Strange TRIPS: The Pharmaceutical Industry Drive to Harmonize Global Intellectual Property Rules, and the Remaining WTO Legal Alternatives Available to Third World Countries. University of Pennsylvania
Journal of International Economic Law, 17, Fall: 1069-1132.
99.Zamora, S. (1989). Is There Customary International Economic Law? German Yearbook of International Law, 32: 9-42.

GATT/WTO爭端案件
1.WTO Panel Report, Canada-Patent Protection of Pharmaceutical Products, WT/DS114R, 17 March 2000.
2.European Communities-Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products, WT/DS135/R, 18 September 2000.
3.Report of the Appellate Body on United States-Tax Treatment for “Foreign Sales Corporations”, WT/DS108/AB/R 24 February 2000.
4.Report of the Appellate Body, United States – Import Prohibitions of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, WT/DS58/AB/R, (circulated on 12 October 1998).
5.Appellate Body Report, Guatemala-Anti-Dumping Investigation Regarding Portland Cement from Mexico (‘Guatemala-Cement I’), WT/DS60, AB/R, adopted on 25 November 1998.
6.TEC-Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones), WT/DS26/AB/R, WT/DS48/AB/R, adopted on 13 February 1998, DSR 1998:T I.
7.Indonesia-Certain Measures Affecting the Automobile Industry, WT/DS54, 55, 59, 64/R 2 July 1998.
8.Appellate Body Report on European Communities-Customs Classification of Certain Computer Equipment, WT/DS62, 67, 68/AB/R 5 June 1998.
9.Appellate Body report on European Communities-Measures Affecting the Importation of Certain Poultry Products, WT/DS69/AB/R, DSR 1998: V.
10.European Communities-Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas, WT/DS27/R (22 May 1997); WT/DS27/R/AB (9 September 1997).
11.Philippines-Measures Affecting Pork and Poultry, WT/DS/74 (1 April 1997) and WT/DS/102 (7 October 1997).
12.United States-Standards for Reformulated and conventional Gasoline, Panel Report WTO Doc. WT/DS2/AB/R, adopted in May 20, 1996.
13.United States-Measures Affecting Imports of Softwoods Lumber from Canada, (SCM/162) Oct. 27-28, 1993, GATT B.I.S.D. (40PthP Supp.), (1994).
14.United States- Restrictions on Imports of Tuna, GATT, BISD, S/39.
15.Thailand-Restrictions on Importation of and Internal Taxes on Cigarettes, GATT, BISD, S/37.
16.Canada-Import Restrictions on Ice Cream and Yoghurt, (L/6568 - 36S/68) Dec. 5, 1989, GATT B.I.S.D. (36PthP Supp.) para. 59 (1990).
17.EEC-Restrictions on Imports of Apples, Complaint by the United States, (L/6513 - 36S/135) June 22, 1989, GATT B.I.S.D. (36PthP Supp.)
18.Canada-Measures Affecting Exports of Unprocessed Herring and Salmon, GATT, BISD, S/35.
19.European Community-Production Aids on Canned Peaches, Canned Pears, Canned Fruit Cocktail and Dried Grapes, (L/5778) (20 February 1985) panel report unadopted.
20.European Economic Community – Subsidies on Export of Wheat Flour (SCM/42, issued on 21 March 1983.
21.US Imports of Certain Automotive Spring Assemblies, Panel Report Adopted May 26, 1983, 30PthP Supp. B.I.S.D.
22.United States-Prohibition of Imports of Tuna and Tuna Products from Canada, Panel Report Adopted Feb. 22, 1982, 29PthP Supp. B.I.S.D. 91.

國際組織決議及報告
WTO部分:
1.WTO General Council, Waiver Concerning Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for Rough Diamonds, WT/L/518 27 May 2003.
2.Communication form the United States on Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, IP/C/W/340, 14 March 2002
3.Communication form the European Communities and their member States on Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, IP/C/W/352, 20 June 2002
4.Communication form Brazil, Bolivia, Cuba, China, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, India, Pakistan, Peru, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Venezuela on Paragraph 6 of the Ministerial Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, IP/C/W/355, 24 June 2002
5.Joint Communication from the African Group in the WTO, Proposal on Paragraph 6 of the Ministerial Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, IP/C/W/351, 24 June 2002
6.WTO Ministerial Conference, Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, WT/MIN(01)/DEC/W/2, 14 November 2001
7.Decision on Implementation-related Issues and Concerns WTO Ministerial Conference, Fourth Session, WT/MIN(01)/17, 20 November 2001.
8.Guidelines for Arrangements on Relations with Non-Governmental Organizations, Council Decision, WT/L/162, 23 July 1996.
9.Ministerial Declaration adopted on 29 November 1982, GATT Doc. No. L/5424, in GATT, BISD 29PthP Supp. (1983).
10.Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles Ⅵ, ⅩⅥ, and ⅩⅩⅢof the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, in BISD 26S/56-83.
11.French Assistance to Exports of Wheat and Wheat Flour, report of the panel (L/924, BISD 7S/46) adopted on 21 November 1958.

聯合國部份:
1.UN Security Council Resolution 1459 (Jan 28 2003).
2.General Comment No. 15 of Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, E/C.12/2002/11, CESCR(2002).
3.Report of the Secretary-General, Implementing Agenda 21, Commission on Development acting as the preparatory committee for the World Summit on Sustainable Development 2nd session, E/CN.17/2002/PC.2/7.
4.UN General Assembly Twenty-sixth special session, S-26/2 (8PthP plenary meeting , 27 June 2001), Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS.
5.UN Economic and Social Council Commission on Human Rights’ Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights Resolution 2000/21, Intellectual property and human rights, E/CN.4/SUB.2/RES/2001/21(16 August 2001).
6.UN Economic and Social Council Commission on Human Rights’ Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights Resolution, Intellectual property tights and human rights, E/CN.4/Sub.2/2001/12 (14 June 2001).
7.Commission on Human Rights, The Impact of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights on Human Rights, E/CN.4/Sub.2/2001/13 (27 June 2001).
8.UN Economic and Social Council Commission on Human Rights’ Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights Resolution 2000/7, Intellectual property and human rights, E/CN.4/SUB.2/RES/2000/7(17 August 2000).
9.General Comment No. 14 of Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, E/C.12/2000/4, CESCR(11 August 2000).
10.General Comment No. 12 on the right to adequate food, para 6. Report of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, UN doc. E/2000/22, CESCR (2000).
11.CCPR General Comment 28, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1.Add.10 (29 March 2000).
12.UN Economic and Social Council Commission on Human Rights’ Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights Resolution 2000/7, Intellectual Property and Human Rights, E/CN.4/SUB.2/RES/2000/7, 17 August 2000.
13.UN Commission on Human Rights, fifty-fifth session, Effects of Structural Adjustment Policies on the Full Enjoyment of Human Rights, E/CN.4/1999/50, 24 February 1999
14.Report of the Working Group on the Right to Development on its First Session, E/CN.4/1994/21, 13 December 1993, para. 82; Report of the Working Group on the Right to Development on its Fifth Session, E/CN.4/1996/24, 20 November 1995.
15.Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,A/CONF. 157/23, 1993.
16.UN General Assembly Resolution 44/228 in December 1989.
17.Special Rapporteur of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, The New International Economic Order and The Promotion of Human Rights. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1983/24/Rev.1, 1986.
18.Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future 1987.
19.Declaration on the Right to Development, G.A. res. 41/128, annex, 41 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 53) at 186, U.N. Doc. A/41/53 ,1986.
20.UN General Assembly Resolution 3281(ⅩⅩⅨ)(2315PthP plenary meeting, 12 December 1974), Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States.
21.Report of the Conference on the Human Environment, UN Doc. A/CONF.48/14, at 2-65, and Corr. 1 (1972).
22.UN General Assembly Resolution 2542(ⅩⅩⅨ)(1829PthP plenary meeting, 11 December 1969), Declaration on Social Progress and Development.
23.UN General Assembly Resolution 2398 (ⅩⅩⅢ), 3 December 1968.
24.United Nations: Statements of U.N. Legal Counsel and IBRD General Counsel on Relations of U.N. and IBRD and Effect of U.N. Relations, in 6 I.L.M. (1967), p. 150.
25.Annotations on the Text of the Draft International Covenants on Human Rights, UN Doc. A/2929 1955.

世界衛生組織部份:
1.WHO, Technical cooperation activities: Information from other intergovernmental organizations, IP/C/W/305/Add.3 (15/May/2002)
2.WHO, Scaling up the response to HIV/AIDS, Fifty-Fourth World Health Assembly WHA54.10(21 May 2001)
3.WHO, WHO medicines strategy, Fifty-Fourth World Health Assembly WHA54.11(21 May 2001)
4.World Health Organization, Revised Drug Strategy Resolution, World Health Assembly Resolution WHA 49.14(1996)

歐盟:
1.Commission Communication on “Trade and Development: Assisting Developing Countries to Benefit from Trade” COM(2002) 513 final, , Brussels, 18.9.2002
2.Council Regulation (EC) No. 2829/98, Official Journal L. 357, 30 December 1998.
3.Regulation 1256/96 OJ 1997, L160/1.
4.Regulation 3281/94 OJ 1994, L348/1.
5.The European Community’s Development Policy – Statement by the Council and the Commission available at: HThttp://europa.eu.int/comm/development/body/legislation/docs/council_statement.pdf#zoom=100TH.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE