Ever since Azuma Shiro made public his wartime diaries in 1987, he has become a symbolic figure associated with the memories of war atrocities committed by the Japanese troops in China between 1931 and 1945. Given the post-war Japanese authorities’ continuous reluctance to confront the issue of war crimes, it is little wonder Azuma Shiro’s diaries have been subjected to diverse interpretations both in China and in Japan. Taking Hannah Arendt's analysis of the banality of evil as a starting point, this essay deals with various ethical implications involved. Examining how one man's wartime remembrances can impact the collective memories of a nation, it argues that despite all the external limitations, there is nevertheless room for an individual to make his or her own decisions. It is hoped that a more detailed analysis of Azuma Shiro’s diaries will facilitate our understanding of the extensive violence unleashed during the Sino-Japanese war.