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題名:Creative Commons and Collective Bargain: Striking the Balance of Intellectual Property Rights and Social Justice in Less Developed Countries
書刊名:成大法學
作者:陳俊仁 引用關係
作者(外文):Chen, Chun-jen
出版日期:2006
卷期:11
頁次:頁165-199
主題關鍵詞:分享創新團體協商低度開發國家智慧財產權衝突中介機制社會正義Creative commonsCollective bargainLess developed countriesIntellectual property lawConflictIntermediarySocial justice
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  • 點閱點閱:35
在全球化的浪潮下,經濟開發度高的國家與開發程度較低的國家之間,存在著許多緊張與衝突。雖然此緊張與衝突,有著許多複雜難解的成因,且衝突的內容亦呈 現出不同的態樣,舉其要者,首推農業問題與智慧財產權議題。而就對法律與經濟之衝擊與影響而言,智慧財產權議題則實有其不容忽視的重要性。傳統上,智慧財產權法藉由財產權之賦與,而達到鼓勵資訊創新利用的目的,以期使大眾能得益於其創作。且由於智慧財產有別於一般有形財產,為免他人侵害智慧財產權人之權利,法律除賦與智慧財產權人排他之權利外,亦多藉刑罰之規範,以求保障智慧財產權。徵諸於智慧財產權法之立法目的與智慧財產之特性,此似為事理之應然。然而,此就經濟開發程度較高的國家而言是如此;就開發程度較低者而言,則未必如此。對鎮日於貧窮線上掙扎,幾乎無任何具經濟價值之智慧財產權的低度開發國家而言,智慧財產權所保障者,為富國之利益,而係藉法律迫使窮國以高價購買受智慧財產保護之產品。事實上,許多貧窮國家之人民,亦因此而無力負擔可挽救其生命之藥品,而造成智慧財產權法與社會正義之衝擊。凡此諸端,皆非始自今日;然而,正因此議題十分複雜難解,故難以獲致一有效解決之良方,而延宕迄今。 近年來興起之「分享創新」風潮,或可有助於解決此一議題。邇來許多政府與民間機構所贊助之藥品研究,皆明確揭示,將研發成果,以近乎無償之價格,供低度開發國家人民使用。此振奮人心的發展,不僅值得吾人持續關注,更值得吾人探究如何於此「分享創新」的基礎上,進一步求取智慧財產權法制與社會正義均衡之良方。職是之故,本文係為一系列求取前述良方論述之首篇論著。期藉由此由來已久,存在於經濟高度發展國家與低度發展國家,關於智慧財產權與社會正義的議題,以「分享創新」的概念,試圖建構一可行之機制,以獲致兩者之均衡。本文首先論述智慧財產權法制,於不同開發程度國家之間的衝突,並介紹「分享創新」的緣起與發展,並主張「分享創新」不應侷限於消極被動的自發性組織,而應積極扮演介於智慧財產權人與大眾之中介人角色,並利用「團體協商」模式,運用集體力量,以大眾利益為念,共同謀求大眾之福祉。
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