本研究透過文件分析法，達成以下目的：了解日本國家師資培育發展經緯，近年師資培育改革之主要方案，歸納日本師資培育改革方案與國家涉入運作關係。 並透過完成上述研究目的，歸納日本師資培育改革中國家角色運作機制關係的特色與訊息，提供相關學者與研究生之後續研究之參考。 2004 年無疑的將是日本高等教育制度發展史上一個嶄新的年度，在世界的現代高等教育發展史上也將具有重大的意義。這是因為此次日本的高等教育改革不僅是在制度上作根本的變革（國立→法人化），而且在教育行政管理體制上也有大幅度的轉變（均等、保護主義→自由競爭、重點主義），在教育目標與課程設計上強調卓越、特色（單一、規制→國際化、資訊化），可以說是跳脫以往「國家權力」與「教育制度」緊密關聯的思惟模式，改以「教育機能」與「社會機制」為教育發展的方向，可以說是相當大膽的改革模式。由此觀點論之，日本的師資培育體系的變革，受到國家管制自由競爭機制這兩股主要力量的影響。

This research utilized literature review to achieve the following goals: 1.To trace the historical development of teacher education in Japan. 2.To explore the recent reform scheme of teacher education in Japan. 3.To synthesize the relationship between the reform scheme and the operational mechanisms of the government. The conclusions from the study provided a database of the characteristics and information concerning the operational mechanisms and the government’s role in Japan’s teacher education reform for the reference of scholars and graduate students in future studies. Undoubtedly, 2004 was a fresh year in the history of higher education system development in Japan. It was also a significant event in the history of modern higher education development of the world. The reform, however, was not only a fundamental one (from state to corporation), but also a massive one for the educational administration management system (from equality and protectionism to free competition and prioritization). As for educational goal and curriculum design, it emphasized distinction and distinctiveness (from unitary and controlled to internationalization and information-based). In other words, it was an audacious departure from previous thinking. In the past, there was a close relationship between state power and the educational system; now, it strides in the direction of educational function and market mechanisms. Thus, from this aspect, the reform of the teacher educational system in Japan was influenced by both forces of the state control mechanisms and free market competition.