兒童邏輯推理測驗之研發與初探__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	兒童邏輯推理測驗之研發與初探
書刊名：	屏東教育大學學報. 教育類
作者：	江淑卿
作者(外文)：	Jiang, Shwu-ching
出版日期：	2007
卷期：	28
頁次：	頁39-69
主題關鍵詞：	心智模式；三段論；關係邏輯；邏輯推理；Mental model；Syllogisms；Relational logic；Logical reasoning
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:2 點閱:36

本研究根據心智模式的論點，研發適用於幼稚園大班至小學高年級的「兒童邏輯推理測驗」，編製「三段論分測驗」和「關係邏輯分測驗」，兩個分測驗各設計兩種難度的圖畫題和語文題，共32題，採個別施測。以185位兒童為預試對象，經試題分析所選擇的正式試題之鑑別指數和難度指數適切。正式施測結果顯示本測驗具有合宜的內部一致性、重測信度和效標關聯效度。本研究進一步以120位大班至五年級兒童為對象，探討六個年齡組兒童在不同類型、難度和符號表徵問題的邏輯推理能力之差異。研究發現：1.較高年齡組在邏輯推理測驗、三段論分測驗、關係邏輯分測驗的能力，大致比較低年齡組的能力為佳，顯示整體測驗與兩個分測驗能區辨跨年齡組能力之差異，且各年齡組在關係邏輯分測驗比三段論分測驗的能力佳。2.較高年齡組在兩個分測驗的難度Ⅰ/ 難度Ⅱ問題之能力，大致比較低年齡組的能力為佳，其中難度Ⅱ問題較難度Ⅰ問題能區辨跨年齡組能力的差異，且各年齡組在難度Ⅰ問題比難度Ⅱ問題的能力佳。3.較高年齡組在兩個分測驗的圖畫/ 語文問題之能力，大致比較低年齡組的能力為佳，其中語文問題較圖畫問題能區辨跨年齡組能力的差異，且大班至三年級在圖畫問題比語文問題的能力佳，四、五年級在不同符號表徵問題的能力則無差異。本測驗可作為認知發展研究、智力評估、科學教學評量之參考工具。

以文找文

The purpose of this study was to develop the Logical Reasoning Test for Children in order to evaluate the logic reasoning ability of kindergarten and primary school children, based on the perspective of the mental model. This individualized test included 32 test items, and was consisted of two subtests which are syllogism and relational logic. Each subtest included both figural and verbal tasks with two different level of difficulty. The discriminate indexes and difficulty indexes to the formal test items of this test appeared to be acceptable, which conducted by the item analysis and pretest on 185 subjects. Besides, this test had satisfactory internal-consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion- related validity. Furthermore, this test was used to explore the differences of logical reasoning ability in type, difficulty and symbolism among six different age groups. There were 120 children from kindergarten to grade five participated. The results indicated: (1) the abilities of older children were better than that of younger children to solve the Logical Reasoning Test and two subtests. Children had better abilities to solve the relational logic subtest than to do the syllogisms subtest in each age group. (2)The abilities of older children were better than that of younger children to solve the difficulty I / difficultyⅡtasks of two subtests. Children had better abilities to solve the difficulty I tasks than to do the difficultyⅡtasks in each age group. And (3) the abilities of older children were better than that of younger children to solve the figural / verbal tasks of two subtests. The figural tasks had better discrimination than the verbal tasks in age differences. The younger children had better abilities to solve the figure tasks than to do the verbal tasks. The older children’s abilities were less affected by the symbolism of tasks.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Markovitsa, H.、Banouillet, P.(2002)。The development of conditional reasoning: A mental model account。Developmental Review，22，5-36。
2.	Andrew, G.、Halford, G. S.(1998)。Children's ability to make transitive inferences: The importance of premise integration and structural complexity。Cognitive Development，13，479-513。
3.	English, L. D.(1998)。Children's reasoning in solving relational problems of deduction, Thinking。and Reasoning，4(3)，249-281。
4.	Harris, P. L.(1996)。Understanding of permission rules by preschool children。Child Development，67，1572-1591。
5.	Hawkins, J.、Pea, R. D.、Glick, J.、Scribner, S.(1984)。"Merds that laugh don't like mushrooms": Evidence for deductive reasoning by preschoolers。Developmental Psychology，20，584-594。
6.	Leevers, H. J.、Harris, P. L.(1999)。Persisting effects of instruction on young children's syllogistic reasoning with incongruent and abstract premises。Thinking and Reasoning，5，145-173。
7.	Markovits, H.、Schleifer, M.、Fortier, L.(1989)。Development of elementary deductive reasoning in young children。Developmental Psychology，25，787-793。
8.	Markovits, H.、Dumas, C.、Malfait, N.(1995)。Understanding transitivity of a spatial relationship: A developmental analysis。Journal of Experimental Child Psychology，59，124-141。
9.	Dias, M. G.、Harris, P. L.(1988)。The effect of make-believe play on deductive reasoning。British Journal of Developmental Psychology，6，207-221。
10.	Dias, M. G.、Harris, P. L.(1990)。The influence of the imagination on reasoning by young children。British Journal of Developmental Psychology，8，305-318。
11.	English, L. D.(1993)。Evidence for deductive reasoning: Implicit versus explicit recognition of syllogistic structure。British Journal of Developmental Psychology，11，391-409。
12.	English, L. D.(1997)。Interventions in children's deductive reasoning with indeterminate problems。Contemporary Educational Psychology，22，338-362。
13.	Halford, G. S.、Andrew, G.(2004)。The development of deductive reasoning: How important is complexity?。Thinking and Reasoning，10(2)，123-145。
14.	Markovits, H.(2000)。A mental model analysis of children's conditional reasoning with meaningful premises。Thinking and Reasoning，6(4)，335-347。
15.	Markovits, H.、Barrouillet, P.(2004)。Introduction: Why is understanding the development of reasoning important。Thinking and Reasoning，10(2)，113-121。
16.	Markovits, H.(1993)。The development of conditional reasoning: A Piagetian reformulation of mental models theory。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，39，131-158。
17.	Muller, U.、Overton, W. F.、Reene, K.(2001)。Development of conditional reasoning: A longitudinal study。Journal of Cognition and Development，2(1)，27-49。
18.	Pears, R.、Bryant, P. E.(1990)。Transitive inferences by young children about spatial position。British Journal of Psychology，81，497-510。
19.	Overton, W. F.、Ward, S. L.、Noveck, I. A.、Black, J.、O'Brien, D. P.(1987)。Form and content in the development of deductive reasoning。Development Psychology，23，22-30。
20.	Wright, B. C.、Dowker, A. D.(2002)。The role of cues to differential absolute size in children's transitive inferences。Journal of Experimental Child Psychology，81，249-275。
21.	江淑卿(2006)。兒童歸納推理學習潛能評估系統之發展研究。教育心理學報，38(2)，105-127+129。延伸查詢
22.	林碧珍、蔡文煥(20051200)。TIMSS 2003臺灣國小四年級學生的數學成就及其相關因素之探討。科學教育，285，2-38。延伸查詢

會議論文
1.	Andrew, G.(1996)。Assessment of relational reasoning in children aged 4 to 8 years。The Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development。

研究報告
1.	陳淑芳、簡淑真、江麗莉、鄭秋平、詹文娟、簡淑真(2003)。幼兒科學基本能力指標研究 (計畫編號：NSC-90-2511-S-143-005-X3)。延伸查詢

學位論文
1.	張筱珊(2004)。國小學童演繹邏輯推理能力之研究(碩士論文)。屏東師範學院，屏東縣。延伸查詢
2.	邱素真(1996)。台北市立國民中小學學生邏輯概念發展之橫斷研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。延伸查詢
3.	簡素真(1993)。兒童條件式推理之研究(碩士論文)。國立中正大學。延伸查詢
4.	陳雅惠(1999)。從邏輯推理能力探討學生犯錯的成因：以對數解題錯誤為例(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	Inhelder, B.、Piaget, J.(1964)。The early growth of logic in child。London：Rouledge & Kegan Paul。
2.	Inhelder, B.、Piaget, J.、陸有銓、華意蓉(1989)。兒童的早期邏輯發展。台北：五洲。延伸查詢
3.	Ginsburg, H. P.(1997)。Entering the child's mind: The clinical interview in psychological research and practice。New York：Cambridge University Press。
4.	Harris, P. L.(2000)。The work of the imagination。Oxford：Blackwell Publishers。
5.	Halford, G. S.(1993)。Children's understanding: The development of mental model。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。
6.	Siegler, Robert S.(1998)。Children's thinking。Prentice-Hall。
7.	郭生玉、林來發、鄭英敏、方炎明(1991)。羅斯認知能力測驗。台北：教育局教師研習中心。延伸查詢
8.	郭生玉、范德鑫(1992)。國小資優生鑑定測驗。台北：教育部訓委會。延伸查詢
9.	教育部(2003)。九年一貫課程綱要。臺北市：教育部。延伸查詢
10.	Baroody, A. J.、Coslick, R. T.(1998)。Fostering children's mathematical power: A investigative approach to K-8 mathematicas instruction。New Jersey：Lawrence。
11.	Bjorklund, D. F.(2000)。Children's thinking: developmental function and individual difference。Wadsworth/Thomson Learning。
12.	Goswami, Usha(1998)。Cognition in children。Psychology Press。
13.	Johnson-Laird, P. N.、Byrne, R. M. J.(1991)。Deduction。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。
14.	Johnson-Laird, Philip Nicholas(1983)。Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness。Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press。
15.	Mayer, R. E.(1991)。Thinking, problem solving, cognition。New York：Freeman and Company。
16.	National Council of Teachers of Mathematics(2000)。Principles and standards for school mathematics。Reston, Virginia：National Council of Teachers of Mathematics。
17.	許天威、蕭金土(1999)。綜合性非語文智力測驗。臺北市：心理。延伸查詢

圖書論文
1.	Moshman, D.(1997)。Cognitive development beyond childhood。Handbook of Child psychology。New York：Wiley。
2.	Deloache, J. S.、Miller, K. F.、Pierroutsakos, S. L.(1997)。Reasoning and problem solving。Handbook of Child Psychology。New York：Wiley。

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