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題名:社會科學研究的民主意涵:美國法律唯實論的民主觀及其啟示
書刊名:政治與社會哲學評論
作者:黃舒芃 引用關係
作者(外文):Hwang, Shu-perng
出版日期:2008
卷期:25
頁次:頁1-30
主題關鍵詞:美國法律唯實論社會科學研究實證研究司法民主案例法普通法經驗American legal realismSocial science researchEmpirical studyJudicial democracyCase methodCommon lawExperience
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:12
  • 點閱點閱:51
本文將著眼於美國法律唯實論對於社會科學研究(social science research)的強調,以探究法律唯實論何以重視社會科學資源對法律論誰的意義,作為本文的主要關懷,並對此提出筆者個人的解讀。本文將嘗試指出:經由法律唯實論的提倡而發揚光大的社會科學研究在當代法領域的重要地位,其實具有一個立基於美國普通法傳統的特殊發展背景。在唯實論眼中,社會科學研究具有取代形式主義空洞的Case Method主張,強化司法審判與社會經驗的連結、從而強化司法民主與司法審判正當性的積極意義。在普通法本即重視透過司法個案的累積來形成並發展法律真正內涵的前提下,社會科學研究資源的進駐無疑具有充實普通法實體內容的功能,從而法律唯實論對社會科學研究地位的強化,當有助於法官在必須兼顧逐案權衡與理性論誰的過程中,透過一個實然面的實體憑據,找到適當的平衡,也能因此而加強司法審判與現實社會生活、乃至於現實民意之間的聯繫。從這個角度看來,社會科學研究(特別是對當代美國法發展具有重大影響的〔法律〕經濟學)在美國的崛起,以及(法律唯實論所理解的)美國普通法傳統對抽象規範理論的抗拒、對具體經驗的重視,與由此而來對民主精神的認知,都布密不可分的關係。
While many theories or arguments focus their attention on the so­ called counter-majoritarian difficulty of judicial review, the viewpoint of American Legal Realism deserves special attention, since it conceives of democracy not merely as majority rule, but rather as government based on what the people really want, which then must be investigated not only in legislation, but in judicial process. Therefore, it strongly argues for the connection between judicial decisions and concrete social experience and in consequence focuses its attention particularly on the Supreme Court's investigation of empirical social science, which it believes will improve the Courts' legal reasoning on democratic grounds and in this way reinforce the democratic legitimacy of the Court's decision. Thus conceived, Legal Realism regards common law as a specific way to realize democracy, and accordingly provides a framework for the proper role of the Supreme Court. In this view, Legal Realism plays an important role in the American constitutional history not only because it methodologically stands against Formalism, but because it provides a different model for explaining and supporting the democratic legitimacy of judicial review of the US Supreme Court within its common law background.
期刊論文
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2.黃舒芃(20050300)。從普通法背景檢討美國司法違憲審查正當性的問題。國立臺灣大學法學論叢,34(2),63-122。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Strauss, David A.(1996)。Common Law Constitutional Interpretation。University of Chicago Law Review,63,877-935。  new window
4.Oliphant, Herman(1928)。A Return to Stare Decisis。American Bar Association Journal,14,71-76。  new window
5.Herget, James E.(1994)。The Great German Influence on American Jurisprudence。Rechtstheorie,25,43-55。  new window
6.Lepsius, Oliver(1999)。Die Ökonomik als neue Referenzwissenschaft für die Staatsrechtslehre?。Die Verwaltung,32,429-444。  new window
7.Grey, Thomas C.(1983)。Langdell's Orthodoxy。University of Pittsburgh Law Review,45,1-53。  new window
8.Heise, Michael(2002)。Institutional Role of the Federal Courts: Equal Educational Opportunity by the Numbers: The Warren Court's Empirical Legacy。Wash & Lee Law Review,59,1309-1342。  new window
9.Lepsius, Oliver(2005)。Sozialwissenschaften im Verfassungsrecht - Amerika als Vorbild?。Juristenzeitung,60,1-13。  new window
10.Pound, Roscoe(1951)。The Development of American Law and Its Deviation from English Law。The Law Quarterly Review,67,49-66。  new window
11.Davis, Kenneth Culp(1986)。Judicial, Legislative and Administrative Lawmaking: A Proposed Research Service for the Supreme Court。Minnesota Law Review,71,1-18。  new window
12.Zick, Timothy(2003)。Constitutional Empiricism: Quasi-neutral Principles and Constitutional Truths。North Carolina Law Review,82,115-221。  new window
13.Goldberg, Suzanne B.(2006)。Constitutional Tipping Points: Civil Rights, Social Change, and Fact-based Adjudication。Columbia Law Review,106(8),1955-2022。  new window
14.Schwartz, Louis B.(1987)。Justice, Expediency, and Beauty。University of Pennsylvania Law Review,136(1),141-182。  new window
15.Hovenkamp, Herbert(1985)。Social Science and Segregation before Brown。Duke Law Journal,1985(3/ 4),624-672。  new window
16.Hull, N. E. H.(1989)。Reconstructing the Origins of Realistic Jurisprudence: A Prequel to the Llewellyn-Pound Exchange over Legal Realism。Duke Law Journal,1989(5),1302-1334。  new window
17.Pound, Roscoe(1908)。Common Law and Legislation。Harvard Law Review,21(6),383-407。  new window
18.Cook, Walter W.(1924)。The Logical and Legal Basis of the Conflict of Laws。The Yale Law Journal,33(5),457-488。  new window
19.黃舒芃(2006)。The Supreme Court in a Common Law Tradition: The Democratic Legitimacy of Judicial Review in Light of American Legal Realism。Common Law World Review,35(3),216-245。  new window
20.Ostas, Daniel T.(1998)。Postmodern Economic Analysis of Law: Extending the Pragmatic Visions of Richard A. Posner。American Business Law Journal,36(1),193-238。  new window
21.Haltern, Ulrich R.(2001)。Die Rule of Law zwischen Theorie und Praxis, Grundrechtsrechtsprechung und Verfassungstheorie im Kontext。Der Staat,40(2),243-271。  new window
22.Yudof, Mark G.(1978)。School Desegregation: Legal Realism, Reasoned Elaboration, and Social Science Research in the Supreme Court。Law & Contemporary Problems,42(4),57-110。  new window
23.Nelson, William E.(2004)。Brown v. Board of Education and the Jurisprudence of Legal Realism。St. Louis University Law Journal,48(3),795-838。  new window
24.Stone, Harlan Fiske(1936)。The Common Law in the United States。Harvard Law Review,50(1),4-26。  new window
25.Davis, Kenneth Culp(1942)。An Approach to Problems of Evidence in the Administrative Process。Harvard Law Review,55(3),364-425。  new window
26.Washington, Ellis(2005)。Brown v. Board of Education: Right Result, Wrong Reasoning。Mercer Law Review,56(2),715-727。  new window
27.White, G. Edward(1972)。From Sociological Jurisprudence to Realism: Jurisprudence and Social Change in Early Twentieth-century America。Virginia Law Review,58(6),999-1028。  new window
28.Goldsmith, Jack、Vermeule, Adrian(2002)。Empirical Methodology and Legal Scholarship。University of Chicago Law Review,69(1),153-167。  new window
29.Kaye, Judith S.(1995)。State Courts at the Dawn of a New Century: Common Law Courts Reading Statutes and Constitutions。New York University Law Review,70(1),1-35。  new window
30.Quevedo, Steven M.(1985)。Formalist and Instrumentalist Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory。California Law Review,73(1),119-157。  new window
31.Posner, Richard A.(1998)。Against Constitutional Theory。New York University Law Review,73(1),1-22。  new window
32.Hashimoto, M.(1997)。Science as Mythology in Constitutional Law。Oregon Law Review,76(1),111-153。  new window
33.Singer, Joseph William(1988)。Legal Realism Now。California Law Review,76(2),467-544。  new window
34.Leiter, Brian(1997)。Rethinking Legal Realism: Toward a Naturalized Jurisprudence。Texas Law Review,76(2),267-315。  new window
35.Smith, Kevin H.(2005)。The Jurisprudential Impact of Brown v. Board of Education。North Dakota Law Review,81(1),115-143。  new window
36.Linde, Hans A.(1972)。Judges, Critics, and the Realist Tradition。Yale Law Journal,82(2),227-256。  new window
37.Posner, Richard A.(1981)。The Present Situation in Legal Scholarship。Yale Law Journal,90(5),1113-1130。  new window
38.Smith, Peter J.(2007)。New Legal Fictions。Georgetown Law Journal,95(5),1435-1495。  new window
39.Merritt, Deborah Jones(1999)。Constitutional Fact and Theory: A Response to Chief Judge Posner。Michigan Law Review,97(5),1287-1295。  new window
會議論文
1.Pound, Roscoe(1937)。What is the Common Law?。Cambridge, MA。3-23。  new window
圖書
1.Aichele, Gary J.(1990)。Legal Realism and Twenty-century American Jurisprudence: The Changing Consensus。London, UK/ New York, NY:Garland Publishing。  new window
2.Miller, Charles A.(1969)。The Supreme Court and the Uses of History。Cambridge, Massachusetts:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press。  new window
3.Minda, G.、Minda, Gary(1995)。Postmodern Legal Movements: Law and Jurisprudence at Century's End。London, UK/ New York, NY:New York University Press。  new window
4.Lepsius, Oliver、van Ooyen, Robed Chr.(1997)。Verwaltungsrecht unter dem Common Law: amerikanische Entwicklungen bis zum New Deal。Tübingen, Germany:Mohr Siebeck。  new window
5.Llewellyn, Karl N.(1960)。The Common Law Tradition: Deciding Appeals。Little, Brown and Company。  new window
6.Horwitz, Morton J.(1992)。The Transformation of American Law, 1870-1960: The Crisis of Legal Orthodoxy。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
7.Posner, Richard A.(2003)。Law, Pragmatism, and Democracy。Harvard University Press。  new window
8.Sunstein, Cass R.(1999)。One Case at a Time: Judicial Minimalism on the Supreme Court。Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press。  new window
9.Pound, Roscoe(1921)。The Spirit of the Common Law。Boston, MA:Marshall Jones Company。  new window
10.Alexy, Robert(1991)。Theorie der juristischen Argumentation: Die Theorie des rationalen Diskurses als Theorie der juristischen Begründung。Frankfurt am Main:Suhrkamp Verlag。  new window
11.Feldman, Stephen M.(2000)。American legal thought from Premodernism to Postmodernism: An intellectual voyage。Oxford University Press。  new window
12.Llewellyn, Karl N.(1962)。Jurisprudence: Realism in Theory and Practice。London。  new window
13.Frank, Jerome(1930)。Law and the Modern Mind。New York, NY:Brentano's。  new window
14.Luhmann, Niklas(1974)。Rechtssystem und Rechtsdogmatik。Stuttgart:W. Kohlhammer。  new window
15.Rüthers, Bernd(1999)。Rechtstheorie: Begriff, Geltung und Anwendung des Rechts。München:C. H. Beck。  new window
16.Bickel, Alexander Mordecai(1986)。The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics。Yale University Press。  new window
17.Ely, John Hart(1980)。Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review。Harvard University Press。  new window
18.Cardozo, B. N.(1921)。The Nature of the Judicial Process。The Nature of the Judicial Process。New Haven:Yale University Press。  new window
19.黃舒芃(2005)。Verfassungsgerichtlicher Jurisdiktionsstaat? Eine rechtsvergleichende Analyse zur Kompetenzabgrenzung von Verfassungsgericht und Gesetzgeber in den USA und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland。Verfassungsgerichtlicher Jurisdiktionsstaat? Eine rechtsvergleichende Analyse zur Kompetenzabgrenzung von Verfassungsgericht und Gesetzgeber in den USA und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland。0。  new window
20.Duxbury, Neil(1995)。Patterns of American Jurisprudence。Oxford:Clarendon Press。  new window
21.Monahan, John、Walker, Laurens(2006)。Social Science in Law: Cases and Materials。Social Science in Law: Cases and Materials。New York, NY。  new window
22.Garlan, Edwin N.(1981)。Legal Realism and Justice。Legal Realism and Justice。Littleton, CO。  new window
23.Rosen, Paul L.(1972)。The Supreme Court and Social Science。Urbana, IL:University of Illinois Press。  new window
24.Schlegel, John Henry(1995)。American Legal Realism and Empirical Social Science。Chapel Hill, NC:University of North Carolina Press。  new window
25.Kalman, Laura(1986)。Legal Realism at Yale, 1927-1960。Legal Realism at Yale, 1927-1960。Chapel Hill, NC。  new window
圖書論文
1.Dreier, Ralf(1976)。Zur Problematik und Situation der Verfassungsinterpretation。Probleme der Verfassungsinterpretation。Baden-Baden:Nomos Verlag。  new window
2.Cook, Walter W.(1993)。Scientific Method and the Law。American Legal Realism。New York, NY:Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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