福翁（Fuku–Ō）--福澤諭吉（Yukichi Fukuzawa）（西元1835 ~ 1901年）為日本．明治時代之啟蒙家、教育家、新聞編輯，更是「慶應義塾（Keiō–Gijuku）」之創校者。 有關福翁之「文明開化」，當可依其「文明論之概略（Bunmeiron–no–Gairyaku）」中，窺見他具體的觀感。　　 福翁所云：「鑑於世界現況，為現代日本籌謀、因應日本之急需而闡明者」，他的文明論係以「世界和日本」為考量、參酌之當時國際實況為依據的。福翁將西洋文明為目標，並以惟有競逐西洋文明才能達成者為「前進」。本文在於考究福翁之「有形無形之文化、合理主義和個體性、文明實學、啟蒙運動」等四項。當回顧明治時代以後之日本進展足跡時，依其科學精神而得以實現的理性生活、生活近代化、生活提昇的成果，誠然福翁之盡力、貢獻，為絕不可缺者。

Fuku–Ō--Yukichi Fukuzawa (1835 ~1901), a venerable great man was not only an Enlightener, an Educator and a Journalist but also the Originator of Keiō–Gijuku of Meiji Era of Japan. As to the conceptualism of Fuku–Ō’s Civilization, it would be throughly grasped in his great work of Bunmeiron–no–Gairyaku. In his work, Fuku–Ō emphasized that the sole standard of planning and satisfying Japanese modernization and needs is Western Civilization and real world situations. And only things that were related to the real world situations and aimed to fulfill the Western Civilization could be regarded as “Advanced ”. The objective of this study is focused upon analyzing Fuku–Ō’s following four different phases : Material & Immaterial Culture, Rationalism & Individuality, Civilized Realism, and Enlightening Movement. In reviewing the developing track of Post–Meiji Era of Japan, one certainly could attribute the successfulness of modern Japanese Life Rationalization, Modernization and Elevation to the great work of Fuku–Ō, which should be actualized duing the scientific spirit.