Objectives: To set up a reference norm that compares physician manpower among hospitals, so that each hospital can keep accreditation and maintain sufficient professionals. Methods: We downloaded data from a government website of the physician supply at 79 Taiwanese medical centers and regional hospitals. Then, we used exploratory factor analysis and the Rasch model to examine the underlying unidimensionality of physician manpower characteristics and whether we can establish an appropriate scale that measures individual hospital performance and physician supply. Results: We found that: (1) four classes of physicians (internal, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics) accounted for 50% of the total number of physicians; (2) the Ferguson discrimination delta for physician supply was 0.97; (3) more than one third of Taiwanese regional hospitals met the criterion of medical centers in terms of physician supply. Conclusions: The 16-item Rasch model can be used to: (1) determine the physician supply among hospitals; (2) determine the distribution and changes of different classes of physicians over time by use of Rasch residual fit statistics and the Ferguson delta coefficient; and (3) investigate the number of specified professionals in each hospital, to determine whether the supply is sufficient, by use of Z-residual score analysis.