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題名：Artistic Face Modeling and Facial Expression Design for Cartoon Characters Animation
書刊名：臺中教育大學學報. 人文藝術類
作者：鐘世凱 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chung, Shih-kai
出版日期：2009
卷期：23:2
頁次：頁175-201
主題關鍵詞：動畫準則；角色動畫；電腦動畫；臉部表情；動作控制；Animation principles；Character animation；Computer animation；Facial expression；Motion control
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:31
角色動畫既是輔助動畫師說故事的最佳工具，一直以來都是電腦動畫的熱門研究，而卡通角色因爲可以適時的誇張表演來強調角色的個性，更是動畫應用及研究的重心。生動的卡通角色動畫主要透過「肢體動作」與「臉部表情」來表現，其中尤以豐富多變的臉部表情最爲有經驗的動畫師所常用。 成功的卡通角色動畫有賴於動畫師對臉部表情的掌握控制，而如何設計卡通人物的臉部表情，在角色表演裡便相當重要，可惜的是相關的研究卻非常少見。本篇論文主要在探討電腦動畫卡通人物臉部的表情設計及相關動作的模擬，進而整理出一套普遍適用的角色臉部表情設計原則。文章首先簡述角色表情動畫的困難與現狀，繼而探討表情設計與動作表演控制的相關文獻，接著歸納提出適用的表情動畫設計原則，並逐項進行分析探討，最後總結臉部表情設計原則及模擬策略並提出未來的研究方向作爲本文的結論。
As the most important tool in helping the animator to do the storytelling, character animation has been always a popular study in Computer Graphics. Having the more luxury in exaggeration to act out the character's personality, cartoon characters, naturally, develops into the focus of research and applications in computer animation. Character performance includes "body movements" and "facial expressions", in which the later are much more exuberant since they reveal characters' feelings and compassions, thus become the experienced animators' common tool in describing characters. The success of cartoon character animation highly depends on the animation of facial expressions. Therefore, exquisite designing of facial expressions plays an important part of character animation. However, related published works are rare. This paper devotes on artistic facial expression design and implementation of 3D cartoon characters. The research goal of this study is set to develop the guidelines of designing for 3D character facial expressions. It first describes the problems and current status of facial animation. Then, after briefly reviewing the facial expression design and related animation techniques, the design guidelines of facial expression are suggested and discussed in details. At the end, the summary of facial expression design and the possible future study are offered as the conclusions.
期刊論文
1.Arai, K.、Kurihara, T.、Anjyo, K.(1996)。Bilinear Interpolation for Facial Expression and Metamorphosis in Real-Time Animation。The Visual Computer，12，105-116。  new window
2.Bronstein, A. M.、Bronstein, M. M.、Kimmel, R.(2007)。Calculus of non-rigid surfaces for geometry and texture manipulation。IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics，13(5)，902-913。  new window
3.Cheetham, J.(200105)。The Nuts and Bolts of Animation。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，48-52。  new window
4.Ezzat, T.、Geiger, G.、Poggio, T.(2002)。Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation。ACM Transactions on Graphics，21，388-398。  new window
5.Guenter, B.、Grimm, C.、Wood, D.、Malvar, H.、Pighin, F.(1998)。Making faces。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，32，55-66。  new window
6.Izard, C.(1994)。Innate and universal facial expression: Evidence from developmental and cross-cultural research。Psychological Bulletin，115，288-299。  new window
7.Zhang, L.、Snavely, N.、Curless, B.、Seitz, S.(2004)。Spacetime Faces: High Resolution Capture for Modeling and Animation。AC1MSIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，38，548-558。  new window
8.Choe, B.、Lee, H.、Ko, H.(2001)。Performance-Driven Muscle-Based Facial Animation。Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation，12(2)，67-79。  new window
9.Ekman, P.、Levenson, R. W.、Friesen, W. V.(1983)。Autonomic Nervous System Activity Distinguishes Between Emotions。Science，221，1208-1210。  new window
10.Sifakis, E.、Neverov, I.、Fedkiw, R.(2005)。Automatic Determination of Facial Muscle Activations from Sparse Motion Capture Marker Data。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，39，417-425。  new window
11.Lasseter, John(1987)。Principles of Traditional Animation Applied to 3D Computer Animation。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，21，77-88。  new window
12.Beier, T.、Neely, S.(1992)。Feature-based image metamorphosis。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，26，35-42。  new window
13.Cowie, R.、Cornelius, R. R.(2003)。Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech。Speech Communication，40，5-32。  new window
14.Edge, J.、Maddock, S.(2004)。Constraint-Based Synthesis of Visual Speech。ACM SIGGRAPH Technical Sketch。  new window
15.Ekman, P.(1992)。Facial Expressions of Emotion: an Old Controversy and New Findings。Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society，335，63-69。  new window
16.Ekman, P.(1993)。Facial Expressions and Emotion。American Psychologist，48(4)，384-392。  new window
17.Lasseter, J.(1994)。Tricks to Animating Characters with a Computer. Course Notes #1, Animation Tricks。ACM SIGGRAPH，94。  new window
18.Parke, F. I.(1972)。Computer Generated Animation of Faces。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，6，451-457。  new window
19.Platt, S.、Badler, N.(1981)。Animating Facial Expression。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，15，245-252。  new window
20.Sederberg, T. W.、Parry, S. R.(1986)。Free-Form Deformation of Solid Geometry Models。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，20，151-160。  new window
21.Terzopoulos, D.、Waters, K.(1990)。Physically-based facial modeling, analysis, and animation。J. of Visualization and Computer Animation，1(4)，73-80。  new window
22.Waters, K.(1987)。A Muscle Model for Animating Three-Dimensional Facial Expression。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics，21，17-24。  new window
會議論文
1.Buenaposada, J. M.、Munoz, E.(2006)。Performance driven facial animation using illumination independent appearance-based tracking。the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition，303-306。  new window
2.Cao, Y.、Faloutsos, P.、Kohler, E.、Pighin, F.(2004)。Real-Time Speech Motion Synthesis from Recorded Motions347-355。  new window
3.Chai, J.、Xiao, J.、Hodgins, J.(2003)。Vision-Based Control of 3D Facial Animation193-206。  new window
4.Lewis, J. P.、Parke, F. I.(1987)。Automated Lipsynch and Speech Synthesis for Character Animation143-147。  new window
5.Pearce, A.、Wyvill, G.、Hill, D.(1986)。Speech and Expression: A Computer Solution to Face Animation136-140。  new window
6.Pighin, F.、Szeliski, R.、Salesin, H.(1999)。Resynthesizing facial animation through 3D modelbased tracking143-150。  new window
7.Wang, Y.、Huang, X.、Lee, C. S.、Zhang, S.、Li, Z.、Samaras, D.、Metaxas, D.、Elgammal, A.(2004)。High Resolution Acquisition, Learning and Transfer of Dynamic 3-D Facial Expressions677-686。  new window
8.Kalra, P.、Mangili, A.、Thalmann, N. M.、Thalmann, D.(1992)。Simulation of Facial Muscle Actions Based on Rational Free From Deformations59-69。  new window
9.Maddock, S.、Edge, J.、Sanchez, M.(2005)。Movement Realism in Computer Facial Animation1-4。  new window
10.Chang, B. W.、Ungar, D.(1993)。Animation: from cartoons to the user interface。The 6th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology。ACM。45-55。  new window
學位論文
1.Parke, F. I.(1974)。A Parametric Model for Human Faces(博士論文)。University of Utah，Salt Lake City, Utah。  new window
圖書
1.Ekman, P.(1999)。Handbook of Cognition and Emotion。Sussex, U.K.：John Wiley & Sons, Ltd。  new window
2.Ekman, P.、Friesen, W.V.(1978)。The facial action coding system。Palo Alto, CA：Consulting Psychologists Press。  new window
3.Thomas, F.、Johnston, O.(1981)。The Illusion Of Life Disney Animation。CA：New York, NY：Walt Disney Productions：Abbeville Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Cohen, M.、Massara, D.(1993)。Modeling co-articulation in synthetic visual speech。Model and Technique in Computer Animation。Tokyo：Springer-Verlag。  new window
2.Coquillart, S.(1990)。Extended Free-Form Deformation: A Sculpturing Tool for 3D Geometric Modeling。ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics。  new window
3.Eysenck, H. J.(1990)。Biological dimensions of personality。Handbook of personality: Theory and research。New York：Guilford。  new window
 
 
 
 
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