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題名:Ethical Controversy over the Sources of Human Stem Cells Research: A Study from the Buddhist Ethical Point of View
書刊名:哲學與文化
作者:釋昭慧
作者(外文):Shih, Chao-hwei
出版日期:2011
卷期:38:2=441
頁次:頁5-37
主題關鍵詞:緣起中道幹細胞全能性幹細胞多能性幹細胞特定功能幹細胞胚胎幹細胞胚胎生殖細胞體細胞核轉植成體幹細胞Dependent originationMiddle pathStem cellsTotipotent stem cellsPluripotent stem cellsMultipotent stem cellsEmbryonic stem cellsEmbryonic germ cellsSomatic cell nuclear transferAdult stem cells
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幹細胞具有自我增生複製的能力,可做為醫療上之疾病控制、組織移植,或藥物開發與測試之用。而從胚胎取得研究用的多能性幹細胞,大都有奪取胚胎(或胎兒)生命之嫌。科學界傾向否定胚胎(乃至初期胎兒)等於整全之「人」。一般建議:胚胎研究可在卵子受精後十四天內進行,因為此時的胚胎發育,無知覺亦無感覺,不具「人」的道德意義。佛教可直下依「眾生平等」之理據,強調:不管胚胎是不是「人」只要它已是「生命」利用它就有「殺生」的道德之惡。再者,生命的始點,確實是從精卵結合的一刻就開始的。處於胚胎狀態的眾生,因為覺知苦樂的感官尚未育成,所以只有「不苦不樂受」。但這並不表示,利用這些胚胎不會具足「殺生」要件。遵行「不殺生戒」的佛弟子,當然無法認同奪取胚胎生命的行為。如果佛弟子是在公領域,介入此一議題之法律面與政策面時,面對廣大社會與各方利益,個人自主的空間相當有限,但也不宜放棄漸進而緩慢地以慈憫不殺的理念,少分影響著法規的品質。顯然在實踐層面,佛教還是要有一套「緣起中道」的行動哲學。
Stem cells have the ability to self-replicate. They can be used in medical therapy, organ transplant, and pharmacological development or testing. However, obtaining pluripotent stem cells from embryos, for research purposes, implies snatching away the lives of the embryos or foetuses. Scientists tend to deny that an embryo (even an early foetus) is a human being. The general suggestion is that research on the embryo can be carried out within fourteen days after the egg has been fertilised because the embryo at that stage does not have any senses or feelings and hence does not possess the significance of a human being ethically. Based directly on the belief that 'all sentient beings are equal', Buddhism emphasises that regardless of whether an embryo is a human being or not, as long as it is already a life form, using it constitutes the immoral act of killing. Furthermore, life actually begins at the time when the sperm and egg fuses. Although the embryo does not have the feeling of pain or pleasure, as its sensory organs have not fully developed, this does not mean that using such embryos does not constitute the act of killing. Buddhists who uphold the precept of no killing certainly cannot agree to the act of seizing the lives of the embryos or foetuses. When a Buddhist encounters the legal and the policy-making aspects of this issue in public, he/she has limited personal autonomy because he/she has to face all of society and the interests of various people. However, one should not give up in slowly and gradually putting the idea of mercy and no killing, little by little, into the quality of the laws and rules. Thus, it is obvious that, from a practical point of view, Buddhism still requires a guiding framework on how to practically apply the teaching of the Middle Path of Dependent Origination.
期刊論文
1.Chiao, Y. Z.(2004)。A Study of the Rules to the Bank of Embryonic Stem Cells, Cord Blood and DNA。Taiwan Medical Journal,47(6)。  new window
2.Sato, N.、Meijer, L.、Staltsounis, L.、Greengard, P.、Brivanlou, A. H.(2004)。Maintenance of Pluripotency in Human and Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells through Activation of Wnt Signaling by a Pharmacological GSK-3-specific Inhibitor。Nature Medicine,10(1),55-63。  new window
3.(2001)。The EconomistAutumn。  new window
會議論文
1.(2002)。Essay of the Third International Conference on the Life Ethics。Zhongli。  new window
圖書
1.Singer, Peter(1990)。Animal Liberation。New York:Harper Perennial。  new window
2.Li, Rui Quan(1999)。Life Ethics Studies of Confucianism。Taipei。  new window
3.Yang, Zhi Sheng、Pojman, Louis p.(1997)。Choice of Life and Death-Basic Ethics and Abortion。Taipei。  new window
4.Chen, Rui Lin、Pojman, Louis p.(1997)。This Present Life--The Holiness, Quality and Meanings of Life。Taipei。  new window
5.Shih, Chao Hwei(2003)。The Study of Buddhist Normative Ethics。Taipei。  new window
6.Yen, C.Y.(1996)。Contemporary Medical Ethics。Taipei。  new window
7.Wei, De Ji、Pojman, Louis p.(1997)。Decomposing the Structure of Death-The Analysis of Death,Suicide, Euthanasia and Death Penalty。Taipei。  new window
其他
1.Maharatnakuta Sutra。  new window
2.Yu, Zhi Min(2002)。Mature Stem Cells can be Divided into Organ Cells。  new window
3.(2002)。999 Health Net, 51,http://www.51jktw.com/jian_kang_xin_wen/zui_xin_xiao_xi/news0202_4.htm.6。  new window
4.,http://bio.web.com.tw/。  new window
5.Huang, Pin(2002)。Unfertilised Embryo Become the New Source of Stem Cell,http://fm.365.999.com.cn/professional/medicine/200203/12512320020305.htm。  new window
6.Louis, Aldrich(2001)。A Reflection on the Ethics of Embryonic Stem Cells Experiments, Christian Life Weekly Special Report,http://210.60.194.100/life2000/database/910116/910116_4.htm。  new window
7.Li, Zhong Hui(2001)。China Plans Hybrid Embryonic Stem Cells,http://nr.stic.gov.tw/ejournal/scipolicy/sr9101/SR910170.htm。  new window
8.Zhao, Chun Hua(2002)。The Comparative Study of Embryonic Stem Cells and Adult Stem Cells,http://www.cpus.gov.cn/kjqy/file/0325.htm。  new window
9.The Four Agama Sutras (The Four Nikayas)。  new window
10.Mulasarvastivada vinaya。  new window
11.YogAcAryabhUmi-zAstra。  new window
12.Yogacara Bodhisattva Pratimoksa。  new window
13.(2002)。Newsletter of Applied Ethics Research. 22,Zhongli。  new window
 
 
 
 
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