本研究企圖探討10年間各年度大一學生體適能變化及不同學院學生的體適能差異。研究方法採用描述性統計及單因子變異數分析，研究對象包含91至100年度的大一學生體適能，共計9359人。研究結 果發現：一、10年間各年度大一男女學生身體組成屬「適當」體位，身體質量指數均在標準範圍內。二、各年度女生柔軟度表現沒有顯著差異，但本研究男生資料與相關文獻研究的柔軟度平均表現，則有下降的趨勢。三、男女生腹部肌耐力在94與95年度優於其它年度；相關文獻研究的肌耐力平均值落在「普通表現」等級。四、本研究及相關文獻研究資料均發現男女大一學生在瞬發力及心肺耐力表現逐年變差。五、管理、文理學院類學生在短時間完成的柔軟度及瞬發力表現上較佳，需要長時間完成的心肺耐力則以工程、電資學院類學生較佳。在BMI值未有過大變化的情況下，大學生柔軟度、瞬發力、與心肺耐力的表現變差，是值得省思的隱憂。不論政府政策、學校政策、或是學校體育單位的策略實施，逐年體適能資料庫的建立，結合學生個人數位學習歷程（e-portfolio）的建檔，經由體育正課的教學、活動的舉辦、策略的規畫，透過不同方式提高學生運動參與，由被動轉為主動，將是提昇大學體適能的長期目標。

The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of physical fitness of freshmen over a 10 year period. Moreover, the physical fitness of students attending the College of Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Management, College of Applied Arts and Sciences, were compared. The descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used in this study. The participants included 9,359 freshmen from 2002 to 2011. There five point results were as follows: First, freshmen were within a ”normal” body mass index (BMI) range during the past 10 years. Second, females had no significance in flexibility but males had decreased the trend. Third, freshmen showed improved performance of abdominal muscle endurance (sit-ups in one minute) in 2005 and 2006 than in previous years. The average abdominal muscle endurance of physical fitness literature was in ”general performance”. Fourth, the trend of standing long jump and 1600M/800M run-walk had decreased for freshmen. Finally, the students of the College of Management and College of Applied Arts were performed better in flexibility and standing long jump, while the College of Engineering and College of Electrical and Computer Engineering were better in the 1600M/800M run-walk. In the BMI value, there was not too much change, whereas flexibility, power, and cardiovascular fitness had a decreased trend, causing students' physical fitness uncertainties in university. The overall government policy, and school policies, will be of paramount support in promoting students' fitness and health. The fitness database built year after year, combined with the e-portfolio of the student, and increased students' exercise participation, from passive to active, may be a long-term goal of physical fitness in universities.