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題名:
The Relationship between Children's ToM and Their Social Loafing Behavior
書刊名:
輔仁民生學誌
作者:
林宜慧
/
簡淑真
作者(外文):
Lin, Yi-hui
/
Chien, Shu-chen
出版日期:
2012
卷期:
18:2
頁次:
頁27-43
主題關鍵詞:
幼兒
;
心智理論
;
社會墮化行為
;
Preschoolers
;
Theory of mind
;
Social loafing behavior
原始連結:
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相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
1
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
1
共同引用:0
點閱:48
一些研究心智理論的學者指出,幼兒的心智狀態的推理能力可能影響其社交功能。然而,幼兒心智理論與其社會墮化行為的實證研究卻付之闕如。因此,本研究試圖探究學前幼兒之心智理論與社會墮化行為的關係,研究者共邀請48位3至5歲的幼兒個別進行三個心智理論之錯誤信念的測驗,以及單獨鏟沙與三人團體鏟沙之社會墮化行為評估。研究結果顯示,幼兒的年齡與其瞭解自己的錯誤信念與他人的錯誤信念呈現顯著正相關。但年齡對幼兒社會墮化行為表現的影響則不顯著。臺灣學前幼兒的心智理論與其社會墮化行為表現未達顯著相關,此點與其他文化研究場域的研究結果不同。本研究認為文化因素可能是影響台灣學前幼兒社會墮化行為表現的原因之一。
以文找文
Researchers of Theory of Mind (ToM) have suggested that mental-state reasoning ability would likely affect the social functioning. However, research which has empirically documented the link between ToM and social loafing behavior is insufficient. Therefore, the current study attempts to explore how preschooler's ToM abilities and their social loafing behavior are related. This research measured children's ToM through three standard false-belief assessments. An individual as well as a 3-person group-performance condition sand shoveling task were used to measure children's social loafing behavior. Forty-eight preschoolers (ages 3-5 years) participated in the study. Results of the study indicated children's age contributed to their understanding of their own false-belief and others' false-belief significantly. However, the children's age had no significant effect on their expression of social loafing behavior. There is also no significant correlation between children's ToM ability and social loafing behavior. These findings differ from that of others done in other culture settings. Therefore, the researchers believe that cultural ingredients might be the factors that influence the social loafing behavior.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Callaghan, T. C., Rochat, P., Lillard, A., Claux, M. L., Odden, H., Itakura, S., Tapanya, S. and Singh, S.(2005)。Synchrony in the onset of mental state reasoning: Evidence from five cultures。Psychological Science,16(5),378-384。
2.
Carlson, S. M., Wong, A., Lemke, M. and Cosser, C.(2005)。Gesture as a window on children’s beginning understanding of false-belief。Child Development,76(1),73-86。
3.
Dunn, J.(1995)。Children as psychologists: The latter correlates of individual differences in understanding of emotions and other minds。Cognition and Emotion,9(2/3),187-201。
4.
Hughus, C., Jaffee, S. R., Happ(2005)。Origins of individual differences in ToM: From nature to nurture。Child Development,76(2),356-370。
5.
Lillard, A.(1999)。Developing a cultural ToM: the CIAO approach。Current Directions in Psychological Science,8(2),57-61。
6.
Naito, M., Komatsu, S. and Fuke, T.(2004)。Normal and autistic children's understanding of their own and others’ false-belief: a study from Japan。British Journal of Developmental Psychology,12,403-416。
7.
Premack, D.、Woodruff, G.(1978)。Does the chimpanzee have a ToM?。Behavior and Brain Sciences,4,515-526。
8.
Sabbagh, M. A.、Xu, F.、Carlson, S. M.、Moses, L. J.、Lee, K.(2006)。The development of executive functioning and theory-of-mind: A comparison of Chinese。Psychological Science,17(1),74-81。
9.
Thompson, B.、Thornton, B.(2007)。Exploring mental-state reasoning as a social-cognitive mechanism for social loafing in children。The Journal of Social Psychology,147(2),159-174。
10.
Wellman, H. M., Cross, D. and Watson, J.(2001)。Meta-analysis of ToM development: The truth about false-belief。Child Development,72,655-648。
11.
Wellman, Henry M.、Tardif, Twila(2000)。Acquisition of Mental State Language in Mandarin- and Cantonese-speaking Children。Development Psychology,36(1),25-43。
12.
Flavell, J. H.、Flavell, E. R.、Green, F. L.(1983)。Development of the appearance-reality distinction。Cognitive Psychology,15(1),95-120。
13.
Wimmer, H.、Perner, J.(1983)。Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and the containing function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception。Cognition,13(1),103-128。
14.
Lichacz, F. M.、Partington, J. T.(1996)。Collective efficacy and true group performance。International Journal of Sport Psychology,27(2),146-158。
15.
Karau, S. J.、Williams, K. D.(1993)。Social Loafing: A Meta-Analytic Review and Theoretical Integration。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,65(4),681-706。
16.
Astington, J. W.、Jenkins, M. J.(1999)。A longitudinal study of the relation between language and theory-of-mind development。Developmental Psychology,35,1311-1320。
17.
Triandis, H. C.(1989)。The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts。Psychological Review,96(3),506-520。
18.
Tan, Hoon Hwee、Tan, Min Li(2008)。Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Social Loafing: The Role of Personality, Motives, and Contextual Factors。Journal of Psychology,142(1),89-108。
19.
Latané, Bibb、Williams, Kipling D.、Harkins, Stephen G.(1979)。Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37(6),822-832。
20.
Sutton, J.、Swettenham, J.、Smith, P. K.(1999)。Social Cognition and Bullying: Social Inadequacy or Skilled Manipulation?。British Journal of Developmental Psychology,17,435-450。
圖書
1.
Fang, T.(1999)。Chinese Business Negotiation Style。CA:Sage Publications。
2.
Karau, S. J.、Williams, K. D.(2001)。Understanding individual motivation in groups: The collective effort model。Groups at work: Theory and research。Mahwah, HJ:Erlbaum。
3.
Keenan, T.(2003)。Individual differences in ToM: The preschool years and beyoung。Individual Differences in ToM: Implications for Typical and Atypical Development。NY:Psychology Press。
4.
Perner, J.(1988)。Higher-order beliefs and intentions in children's understanding of social interaction。Developing theories of mind。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
5.
Wellman, H. M.(1990)。The Children's ToM。Cambridge, MA:Bradford。
6.
Organ, Dennis W.(1988)。Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome。Lexington Press。
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