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題名：	適合發展的幼兒語文課程
書刊名：	臺南師院學報
作者：	李連珠／林慧芬
作者(外文)：	Lee, Lian-ju／Lin, Hueih-fen
出版日期：	2001
卷期：	34
頁次：	頁443-474
主題關鍵詞：	幼兒；語文課程；語文教學；適性發展；全語言；Young children；Language arts；Curriculum；Developmentally appropriate practice；Whole language
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:5 共同引用:0 點閱:32

　　　　　在檢視當今的幼兒語文課程，發現一些常見有違幼兒發展和語言發展的教學實務之後，作者提出了適合幼兒發展的語文課程應所本的基本哲學觀和理論基礎。作者建議一個適性的幼兒語文課程應是溝通導向、功能出發的，更重要的是，應該建立在當今有關幼兒發展和語言發展的理論和研究之上。　　基於所探討相關的理論和研究，作者建議了適合發展（developmentally appropriate）幼兒語文課程的目標、內涵、和實施原則。適合發展的語文課程宜提供幼兒經驗，以發展下列幾項知覺、能力、和態度為標的：(一)語言功能知覺；(二)文字和書本知覺；(三)對文學、讀物的基本認識；(四)自發地探索運用文字和符號；(五)以語言為學習和生活工具之能力和習慣；(六)對文學、讀物的喜愛和閱讀習慣。在此目標之下，作者提出了想說讀寫的各種可能現象，建議教師創造廣度的語言經驗，以因應不同能力、興趣之幼兒需要。作者同時呼籲教師慎用這些內涵，切勿持之以為幼兒語言技能評量之標準。

以文找文

　　　　　Based on the notion that language is the main media of communication among human beings and thus should be functional, this developmentally appropriate language arts curriculum for young children was constructed to provide curriculum reference for educators of young children. Four aspects important to this kind of curriculum were introduced in this article: it's rationale, it's goals, suggested contents, and principles of implementing curriculum with such perspectives. The goals of a developmentally appropriate language arts curriculum were considered as: (a)developing children's awareness of function of language, (b)developing children's print awareness, including environmental print and book awareness, (c)developing children's basic concepts of literature, (d)creating opportunity for children to explore symbol systems, (e)helping children to use and love to use language as the major tool for learning and daily living, and (f)cultivating children's love of reading and literature. Under these goals, scopes of development and kinds of experiences were provided in four areas: oral language, reading, writing, and literature. The authors have given a wide range of children's development in the above areas to suggest a broad provision of experiences for children with different developmental backgrounds and interests. A set of principles for curriculum implementation was also suggested following the curriculum content section. Considering the functional nature of language use and learning, as noted in this article, teachers should be cautious not to take the curriculum content included in this article as a standard to evaluate each child's language ability. Instead, this article is intended to suggest teachers of young children to think about language arts curriculum in a more child-centered, holistic, and function-oriented perspectives.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	National Association for the Education of Young Children(1988)。Position statement on standardized testing of young children 3 through 8 years of age。Young Children，43(3)，42-47。
2.	李連珠(19911100)。將圖畫書帶進教室--課室內的圖畫書。國教之友，43(2)=522，29-36。延伸查詢
3.	Routman, R.(1997)。Back to the basics of whole language。Educational Leadership，54(5)，70-74。
4.	李連珠(1995)。台灣幼兒之讀寫概念發展。幼教天地，11，37-68。延伸查詢
5.	Dyson, Anne Haas(1990)。Weaving possibilities: Rethinking metaphors for early literacy development。The Reading Teacher，44(3)，202-213。
6.	李連珠(1996)。再談幼兒教室之情境佈置：創造推動讀寫活動之環境。國教之友，48(3)，14-19。延伸查詢
7.	Bodrova, E.、Leong, D. J.(1999)。Literacy standards for preschool learners。Educational Leadership，57(2)，42-46。
8.	Freeman, E. B.、Hatch, J. A.(1989)。Emergent literacy: Reconceptualizing kindergarten practice。Childhood Education，66(1)，21-24。
9.	Goulden, N. R.(1998)。The roles of national and state standards in implementing speaking, listening, and media literacy。Communication Education，47(2)，194-208。
10.	McGee, L. M.、Purcell-Gates, V.(1997)。So what's going on in research on emergent literacy?。Reading Research Quarterly，32(3)，310-319。
11.	Pikulski, J. J.(1997)。Reading and writing in kindergarten: Developmentally appropriate?。Reading Today，15(1)，24-27。
12.	Smith, F.(1976)。Learning to read by reading。Language Arts，53，197-199。
13.	Smith, F.(1981)。Demonstrations, engagement, and sensitivity: A revised approach to language learning。Language Arts，58，103-112。
14.	Valencia, S. W.(1997)。Authentic classroom assessment of early reading: Alternatives to standardized tests。Preventing School Failure，41(2)，63-70。
15.	West, K. R.(1998)。Noticing and responding to learners: Literacy evaluation and instruction in the primary grades。Reading Teacher，51(7)，550-559。

會議論文
1.	李連珠(2000)。實施統整性的全語言課程－以一個幼稚園大班為例。臺北。延伸查詢
2.	Lee, L.(1995)。Emergent literacy for Chinese speaker。San Francisco, CA。

研究報告
1.	程小危(1993)。習國語幼兒之語義習得歷程。沒有紀錄：行政院國家科學委員會。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	鄭瑞菁(1999)。幼兒文學。臺北市：心理。延伸查詢
2.	Cambourne, B.(1988)。The whole story: Natural learning and the acquisition of literacy in the classroom。New York, NY：Ashton Scholastic。
3.	黃朝茂譯(1992)。幼稚園教育指導。臺北市：水牛出版社。延伸查詢
4.	Massachusetts Department of Education(1997)。Curriculum guide for the language arts。Jefferson City, MO：Massachusetts Department of Education。
5.	California Department of Education(199)。Curriculum guide for the language arts。Springfield, IL：California Department of Education。
6.	Arizona Department of Education(1999)。Curriculum guide for the language arts。Tallahassee, FL：Arizona Department of Education。
7.	Neuman, S. B.、Copple, C.、Bredekamp, S.(2000)。Learning to read and write: Developmentally appropriate practices for young children。Washington, DC：Newark, DE：National Association for the Education of Young Children：International Reading Association。
8.	Weaver, C.(1998)。Reconsidering a balanced approach to reading。Urbana, IL：National Council of Teachers of English。
9.	Machado, J. M.(1990)。Early childhood experiences in language arts。Early childhood experiences in language arts。Albany, NY：Delmar。
10.	Harste, J. C.、Woodward, V. A.、Burke, C. L.(1984)。Language Stories and Literacy Lessons。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann Educational Books。
11.	Holdaway, D.(1979)。The foundations of literacy。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。
12.	Loughlin, C.、Suina, J.(1982)。The learning environment: An instructional strategy。New York：Teachers College Press。
13.	Weaver, C.(1990)。Understanding whole language: From principles to practice。Portsmouth：Heinemann Educational Books。
14.	Raines, S. C.、Canady, R. J.(1990)。The whole language kindergarten。New York：Teachers College Press。
15.	Lancy, D. F.(1994)。Children's emergent literacy: From research to practice。Westport, CT：Praeger。
16.	Heath, S. B.(1983)。Ways with words: Language, life, and work in communities and classrooms。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
17.	Goodman, K. S.(1986)。What's Whole in Whole Language?: A Parent/Teacher Guide to Children's Learning。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann Educational Books, Inc.。
18.	Clay, M. M.(1975)。What did I write?。Auckland。
19.	Ferreiro, E.、Teberosky, A.(1982)。Literacy before schooling。Heinemann Educational Books。
20.	黃瑞琴(1997)。幼兒讀寫萌發課程。臺北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。延伸查詢
21.	Goodman, Kenneth S.、洪月女(1998)。談閱讀。心理出版社。延伸查詢
22.	Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood(1977)。Learning how to mean。Learning how to mean。NY：Elsevier North-Holland。
23.	Hall, N.(1987)。The Emergence of literacy。The Emergence of literacy。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。
24.	吳敏而、黃琪芬(1994)。幼兒對文字用途的認識。國民小學國語教材教法研究，第三輯。沒有紀錄。延伸查詢
25.	林麗英(1992)。雞同鴨講：幼兒語言問題面面觀。雞同鴨講：幼兒語言問題面面觀。臺北市：信誼。延伸查詢
26.	林麗英(1998)。家有學語兒：遊戲篇。家有學語兒：遊戲篇。臺北市：信誼。延伸查詢
27.	林麗英(1998)。家有學語兒：問題篇。家有學語兒：問題篇。臺北市。延伸查詢
28.	Butler, D.、Clay, M. M.(1987)。Reading begins at home。Reading begins at home。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。
29.	Clay, M. M.(1987)。Writing begins at home。Writing begins at home。Auckland, New Zealand：Heinemann。
30.	Connecticut Department of Education(1998)。Curriculum guide for the language arts。Curriculum guide for the language arts。Hartford, CT：Connecticut Department of Education。
31.	Dobson, L.(1988)。Connections in learning to write and read: A study of children's development through kindergarten and grade one。Connections in learning to write and read: A study of children's development through kindergarten and grade one。Urbana：Illinois University, Center for the Study of Reading。
32.	Dyson, A. H.(1983)。Social worlds of children learning to write in an urban primary school。Social worlds of children learning to write in an urban primary school。New York, NY：Teachers College Press。
33.	Dyson, A. H.(1986)。Children's early interpretations of writing: Expanding research perspectives。Metalinguistic awareness and beginning literacy。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。
34.	Dyson, A. H.(1987)。Multiple worlds of child writers: Friends learning to write。Multiple worlds of child writers: Friends learning to write。New York, NY：Teachers College Press。
35.	Ferreiro, E.(1990)。Literacy development: Psychogenesis。How children construct literacy: Piagetian perspectives。Newark, DE：International Reading Association。
36.	Galda, L.、Cullinan, B.、Strickland, D.(1993)。Language, literacy, and the child。Language, literacy, and the child。Fort Worth, TX：Harcourt Brace。
37.	Goodman, K.、Smith, E.、Meredith, R.、Goodman, Y.(1987)。Language and thinking in school。Language and thinking in school。Katonah, NY：Richard C. Owen。
38.	Goodman, Y.(1985)。Kidwatching: Observing children in the classroom。Observing the language learner。Newark, DE：International Reading Association。
39.	Hartle-Schutte, D.(1991)。Literate environment evaluation。The whole language catalog。Santa Rosa, CA：American School Publishers。
40.	International Reading Association、National Council of Teachers of English(1996)。Standards for the English Language Arts。Standards for the English Language Arts。Newark, DE：International Reading Association。
41.	Johnson, T.、Louis, D.(1987)。Literacy through literature。Literacy through literature。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。
42.	Kamii, C.、Manning, M.、Manning, C.(1991)。Early literacy: A constructivist foundation for whole language。Early literacy: A constructivist foundation for whole language。Washington, DC：National Education Association。
43.	Martens, P.(1996)。I really know how to read。I really know how to read。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。
44.	Moe, A.(1989)。Using picture books for reading vocabulary development。Using literature in the elementary classroom。Urbana, IL：National Council of Teachers of English。
45.	National Association for the Education of Young Children(1999)。Statement of the Position。Statement of the Position。Washington, DC：National Association for the Education of Young Children。
46.	National Association for the Education of Young Children、National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Department of Education(1992)。Guidelines for Appropriate Curriculum Content and Assessment in Programs Serving Children Ages 3 through 8。Reaching Potentials: Transforming Early Childhood Curriculum, Volume I。Washington, DC：National Association for the Education of Young Children。
47.	National Center on Education and the Economy(1996)。New standards: Performance standards and assessments for the schools。New standards: Performance standards and assessments for the schools。沒有紀錄：University of Pittsburgh。
48.	Routman, R.(1988)。Transitions: From literature to literacy。Transitions: From literature to literacy。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。
49.	Sebesta, S.(1989)。Literature across the curriculum。Using literature in the elementary classroom。Urbana, IL：National Council of Teachers of English。
50.	Taylor, D.(1983)。Family literacy。Family literacy。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。
51.	Trelease, J.(1985)。Read-aloud handbook。Read-aloud handbook。New York, NY：Penguin。
52.	(1987)。Ideas and insights: Language arts in the elementary school。Ideas and insights: Language arts in the elementary school。Urbana, IL：National Council of Teachers of English。
53.	Whitmore, K.、Crowell, C.(1994)。Inventing a classroom: Life in a bilingual, whole language learning community。Inventing a classroom: Life in a bilingual, whole language learning community。York, ME：Stenhouse。

其他
1.	Wright, T. A.(1990)。Improving oral language skills in kindergarten students through the use of the whole language approach，0：Educational Resources Information Center。
2.	Philadelphia School District, Division of Early Childhood Education(1984)。Standardized curriculum: Early Childhood，0：Educational Resources Information Center。
3.	Saskatchewan Department of Education(1989)。Policy for English language arts, kindergarten to grade twelve for Saskatchewan schools，0：Educational Resources Information Center。
4.	Lee, L.(1990)。Developing control of reading and writing in Chinese，0：Program in Language and Literacy, Arizona Center for Research and Development, College of Education, University f Arizona。
5.	Goodman, Y.，Altwerger, B.，Marek, A.(1989)。Print awareness in pre-school children: The development of literacy in pre-school children, research and review，0：Program in Language and Literacy, Arizona Center for Research and Development, College of Education, University of Arizona。
6.	Educational Resources Information Center Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics(1998)。Developing language proficiency and connecting school to students' lives: Two standards for effective teaching，0：Educational Resources Information Center。

圖書論文
1.	Goodman, Y. M.(1986)。Children coming to know literacy。Emergent literacy: Writing and reading。Ablex。
2.	Whitmore, K.、Goodman, Y.(1995)。Transforming curriculum in language and literacy。Reaching Potentials: Trans-forming Early Childhood Curriculum。Washington, DC：National Association for Education of Young Children。
3.	Teale, William H.、Sulzby, Elizabeth(1986)。Emergent literacy as a perspective for examining how young children become writers and readers。Emergent literacy: Writing and reading。Norwood, NJ：Ablex。
4.	Gould, J. S.(1996)。A constructivist perspective on teaching and learning in the language arts。Constructivism: Theory, perspectives, and practices。New York：Teachers College Press。
5.	Raines, S. C.(1995)。Reflecting on whole language。Whole language across the curriculum: Grads 1, 2, 3.。Newark, DE：International Reading Association。
6.	Goodman, Y.(1984)。The development of initial literacy。Awakening to literacy。Portsmouth, NH：Exeter, NH：Heinemann。
7.	吳敏而(1993)。文字書本概念與閱讀能力的關係。國民小學國語科教材教法研究。臺北：臺灣省國民教師研習會。延伸查詢

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