Nowadays, there are many outstanding table tennis athletes come from Taiwan: Peng-Lung Chiang, Chang Yan-shu, Chuang Chih-yuan, Chen Jianan, Jiang Hongjie, I Hwa Huang Zhengyi Jing and Chen Siyu. They have great performance in the world: Peng-Lung Chiang won the Asian Championship men's singles champion in 2000 and World Tournament singles and doubles third place in 2001. And he also won the doubles third place in the 1998 Asian Games, the 2000 Olympic doubles fifth and doubles third in the 2001 World Tournament in Japan with Chang Yanshu. Chuang Chih-yuan won the men's singles title at the year-end Pro Tournament in 2002. Chen Jianan got the men's singles gold medal at the 2008 World Junior Table Tennis Championship. Jiang Hongjie won men's singles gold medal at the 2009 World University Games. And the recent, Chuang Chih-yuan got the single’s fifth at 2012 Olympic Game in London. All these achievements not only show the table tennis skills of Taiwanese but also make the table tennis become an important item in the project for chasing medals on Olympics. The purpose of this study was to explore the development of table tennis in Taiwan through the historical research method and the documentary analysis method. At first, we give a description of the origin of table tennis, and then sort out some documentary about this report. Third, expounding the development of table tennis in Taiwan, including the organization, competitions and international tournaments from 1949 to now. Fourth, we relate the developments of table tennis in Asia and European. Final, summarizing the prospect of table tennis in Taiwan.