本文論述美國文人領軍的傳統，分析與探討美國文武關係問題。研究發現，美 國文武緊張關係與鴻溝產生原因為：軍隊任務與能力的擴增、服役人口比例的改變、 總統對高階將領的態度、軍方未能體認文人領軍意涵、國會競逐對軍方的領導權。學 者對改善文武關係提出建議，如：建立文武之間的信任關係；國防部長應發揮潤滑作 用；軍方須建立服從文人領導認知；現役與退役軍人均應節制自我言行；在政策與命 令下達前，應讓軍方表達專業意見。

The United States is a democracy with a long history. Civilian control over military is America's tradition based on the theory of civil-military relations of Samuel P. Huntington. In the last decade, with the change of security environment and the enhancement of military capabilities, tensions and gaps in civil-military relations started to emerge. This paper describes the tradition of civilian control over military within the context of U.S. history, laws and regulations. It also discusses restrictions of military personnel to participate in political activities, and the existing problems of civil-military relations. The factors that influence civilmilitary tensions and civil-military gaps are: the expansion of military missions and capabilities, change in service population due to all volunteer force, attitude of the president toward senior military officials, military leadership do not understand the real meaning of civilian control, and the congress is competing control power over the military.