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題名:濾材與孔隙洩漏以及呼吸模式對簡易型防塵口罩整體防護效率的影響
書刊名:勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊
作者:李書安李和益蔡杰孚陳春萬吳杰亮
作者(外文):Lee, Shu-anLi, He-yiTsai, Chieh-fuChen, Chun-wanWu, Chieh-liang
出版日期:2015
卷期:23:2
頁次:頁170-190
主題關鍵詞:濾材臉部孔隙洩漏呼吸模式口罩防護係數FilterFaceseal leakBreathing patternFacepiece respiratorProtection factor
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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污染物會從口罩的濾材以及面部與口罩間的孔隙進入口罩中,再經由呼吸道進入人體。有 別之前的研究只探討濾材的過濾效率,本研究著重在探討濾材與孔隙洩漏對簡易型防塵口罩整 體防護效率的影響。本研究以新發展的個人防護具評估系統量測簡易型防塵口罩配戴在假人頭 時以及真人時的洩漏率。在假人頭試驗中,受試口罩以矽膠密封在假人臉上或者在密封口罩與 臉頰邊緣製造固定的洩漏率,分別觀察口罩濾材的洩漏率以及呼吸模式與呼吸頻率的影響。在 真人實驗中,30位受試者進行口罩整體洩漏率的評估。口罩的孔隙洩漏率可由整體洩漏率減去 濾材的洩漏率求得。結果發現以固定持續吸氣流量來量測口罩效率在高頻時會有高估的情形; 在低頻時,會有低估的情形。因此,在從事口罩效率的評估時,呼吸頻率需納入考量。另外, 微粒從孔隙的穿透率皆大於濾材穿透率,且手術用口罩所得之濾材穿透率與孔隙穿透率皆大於 FFP系列的口罩。雖然FFP系列口罩對微粒的防護程度比手術用口罩好,但大部分會使口罩配 戴者感覺不舒適,會在工作中移動口罩進而降低口罩的防護效率。因此,未來口罩的設計應朝 向如何增加配戴者的舒適度與減少微粒從孔隙穿透的方向著手。
Contaminants enter inside the mask through the filter and faceseal leakage, and then enter the human body through the respiratory tract. Distinguished from previous studies only exploring the filter filtration efficiency, this study focuses on exploring the impact of filter and faceseal leakage on the overall protection efficiency provided by filtering facepiece respirators against dust. In this study, a newly developed personal sampling system was used to evaluate the leakage rate when a filtering facepiece respirator was donned either on a mannequin or a human subject. In the mannequin test, the test respirator was silicon-sealed on the face or with a fixed faceseal leak to investigate the filter leakage rate as well as the impact of the breathing pattern and frequency on the respirator protection. In the human test, 30 subjects were employed to assess the overall leakage rate. The faceseal leakage rate was obtained by the overall leakage rate minus the filter leakage rate. The results show the overall leakage rate was overestimated at a constant inhalation flow with high frequencies, otherwise, it was underestimated with low frequencies. Therefore, the breathing rate should be considered in the evaluation of respirator efficiency. In addition, the particle penetration through the faceseal leak was greater than that through the filter. The leakage rates of faceseal leaks and filter of surgical masks were greater than those of FFP series of respirators. Although the protection of FFP series of particulate masks is better than surgical masks, most wearers will feel uncomfortable, and move them during work, resulting in a decrease in protection. Therefore, the future mask design should be directed to how to increase the wearer’s comfort and reduce particulate penetration through the faceseal leaks.
期刊論文
1.Doney, B. C.、Groce, D. W.、Campbell, D. L.、Greskevitch, M. F.、Hoffman, W. A.、Middendorf, P. J.(2005)。A Survey of Private Sector Respirator Use in the United States: An Overview of Findings。Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2,267-276。  new window
2.Han, D. H.、Willeke, K.、Colton, C. E.(1997)。Quantitative fit testing techniques and regulations for tightfitting respirators: current methods measuring aerosol or air leakage, and new developments。American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,58,219-228。  new window
3.Popendorf, W.、Merchant, J. A.、Leonard, S.、Burmeister, L. F.、Olenchock, S. A.(1995)。Respirator protection and acceptability among agricultural workers。Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,10(7),595-605。  new window
4.Huang, Shengxiu、Chen, Chunwan、Zhang, Zhenping(2005)。Investigation on the Effectiveness of Commercially Available Special Function Masks。Labor Safety Institute of Health Quarterly,13,70-77。  new window
5.World Health Organization(2003)。Hospital infection control guidance for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)。American Journal of Infection Control,32,90-96。  new window
6.Balazy, A.、Toivola, M.、Reponen, T.(2006)。Manikin-based performance evaluation of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators challenged with nanoparticles。Annals of Occupational Hygiene,50,259-269。  new window
7.Lee, S. A.、Grinshpun, S. A.、Reponen, T.(2008)。Respiratory performance offered by N95 respirators and surgical masks: Human subject evaluation with NaCl aerosol representing bacterial and viral particle size range。Annals of Occupational Hygiene,3,1-9。  new window
8.Lee, S. A.、Adhikari, A.、Grinshpun, S. A.、McKay, R.、Shukla, R.、Reponen, T.(2005)。Respiratory protection provided by N95 filtering facepiece respirators against airborne dust and microorganisms in agricultural farms。Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2,577-585。  new window
9.Crutchfield, C. D.、Fairbank, E. O.、Greenstein, S. L.(1999)。Effect of test exercises and mask donning on measured respirator fit。Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,14,827-837。  new window
10.Grinshpun, S. A.、Harruta, H.、Eninger, R. M.、Reponen, T.、McKay, R.、Lee, S. A.(2009)。Performance of an N95 filtering facepiece particulate respirator and a surgical mask during human breathing: Two pathways for particle penetration。Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,6,593-603。  new window
11.Chen, C. C.、Willeke, K.(1992)。Characteristics of face seal leakage in filtering facepieces。American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,53(9),533-539。  new window
12.Lee, S. A.、Grinshpun, S. A.、Adhikari, A.、Li, W.、McKay, R.、Reponen, T.(2005)。Laboratory and field evaluation of a new personal sampling system for assessing the protection of the N95 filtering-facepiece respirators against particles。Annals of Occupational Hygiene,49(3),245-257。  new window
13.Nelson, T. J.、Colton, C. E.(2000)。The effect of inhalation resistance on facepiece leakage。American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,61,102-105。  new window
14.Brazile, W. J.、Buchan, R. M.、Sandfort, D. R.、Melvin, W.、Johnson, J. A.、Charney, M.(1998)。Respirator fit and facial dimensions of two minority groups。Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,3,233-237。  new window
15.Seto, W. H.、Tsang, D.、Yung, R. W. H.、Ching, T. Y.、Ng, T. K.、Ho, M.、Ho, L. M.、Peiris, J. S. M.(2003)。Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)。The Lancet,361(9368),1519-1520。  new window
圖書
1.Center for Disease Control and Prevention(2003)。Interim Domestic Guidance on the Use of Respirators to Prevent Transmission of SARS。Atlanta:Georgia。  new window
2.National Institute for Occupational Safety and Hygiene(1996)。NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified Under 42 CFR 84. No. 96-101。Cincinnati, OH:DHHS (NIOSH) Publication。  new window
單篇論文
1.Japanese Standards Association(2005)。JIS T 8151: particulate respirators,Tokyo, Japan。  new window
其他
1.(2003)。Hospital infection control guidance: care for patients with probable SARS,http://www.who.int/csr/surveillance/infectioncontrol/en/print.html, 2015/02/08。  new window
 
 
 
 
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