論外大陸礁層的自然延伸原則：以2012年ITLOS孟加拉v.緬甸海域劃界案為中心_

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題名：	論外大陸礁層的自然延伸原則：以2012年ITLOS孟加拉v.緬甸海域劃界案為中心
書刊名：	政治科學論叢
作者：	蔡季廷
作者(外文)：	Tsai, Chi-ting
出版日期：	2015
卷期：	65
頁次：	頁103-150
主題關鍵詞：	大陸礁層；自然延伸原則；大陸礁層界限委員會；區域制度；Area；Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf；Continental shelf；Natural prolongation principle
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:75 點閱:83

國際海洋法庭於2012年孟加拉／緬甸案中，就海洋法公約第76條外大陸礁層自然延伸原則的解釋，在國際法學界引起了辯論。部分學者認為自然延伸原則在本判決後，在海洋法公約中僅是政治迷思，部分認為其重要性被肯認。又，自然延伸原則究應為自然地貌或地質延伸原則，也在本案中引發不同意見。本文檢視國際法院判決與大陸礁層界限委員會的建議案後，主要有三個研究發現。首先，孟加拉／緬甸案應被視為透過條約約定的特殊情況，而得以地質證據作為自然延伸原則的標準。又，自然延伸原則仍然是認定外大陸礁層的法律要件而非政治迷思。最後，為維持自然延伸原則與區域制度的穩定，自然地貌沿伸原則具有重要的證據說服功能，但未排除自然的地質延伸原則。

以文找文

In 2012, International Tribunal of Law of the Sea (＂ITLOS＂) issued its first maritime delimitation judgment on Bangladesh v. Myanmar. The said judgment raised a very important debate among both the academics and the judges about how to interpret the natural prolongation principle of continental shelf extended over 200 nautical miles provided in Article 76 of United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (＂UNCLOS＂). Some scholars argue that the natural prolongation principle has become only a political myth in UNCLOS after the said judgment, whereas some scholars argue that the importance of the principle is actually reconfirmed. Moreover, whether the natural prolongation principle is a natural ＂geomorphological＂ or ＂geological＂ principle also raised different opinions in the said judgment. This article aims to respond to this debate by analyzing various International Court of Justice's judgments and outer continental shelf recommendations issued by the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in the recent years. There are three key research findings. Firstly, the concept of natural ＂geological＂ prolongation principle adopted in Bangladesh v. Myanmar case should be regarded as an exceptional situation, a result of the special circumstance of the Bay of Bengal provided by UNCLOS. Secondly, the natural prolongation principle is still an indispensable legal element provided in UNCLOS and not just a political myth. Third, geomorphological evidence plays an important probative function in the regime of outer continental shelf, which does not exclude geological evidence to be used in the natural prolongation principle and also preserves the stability of the common heritage of mankind in the area.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Anderson, D. H.(1988)。Some Recent Developments in the Law Relating to the Continental Shelf。Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law，6(2)，95-102。
2.	Brekke, Harald、Symonds, Philip(2011)。Submarine Ridges and Elevations of Article 76 in Light of Published Summaries of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf。Ocean Development & International Law，42(4)，289-306。
3.	Egede, Edwin(2004)。The Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf: African States and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention。Ocean Development & International Law，35(2)，157-178。
4.	Elferink, Alex、Oude, G.(2006)。Article 76 of the LOSC on the Definition of the Continental Shelf: Questions concerning its Interpretation from a Legal Perspective。The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law，21(3)，269-285。
5.	Franckx, Erik(2010)。The International Seabed Authority and the Common Heritageof Mankind: The Need for States to Establish the Outer Limits of their Continental Shelf。The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law，25(4)，543-567。
6.	Gao, Jian Jun(2012)。The Seafloor High Issue in Article 76 of the LOS Convention: Some Views from the Perspective of Legal Interpretation。Ocean Development and International Law，43(2)，119-145。
7.	Huang, Yao、Liao, Xuexia(2014)。Natural Prolongation and Delimitation of the Continental Shelf beyond 200nm: Implications of the Bangladesh/ Myanmar Case。Asian Journal of International Law，4(2)，281-307。
8.	Jia, Bing Bing(2013)。The Notion of Natural Prolongation in the Current Regime of the Continental Shelf: An Afterlife?。Chinese Journal of International Law，12(1)，79-103。
9.	Kałduński, Marcin、Wasilewski, Taduesz(2014)。The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea on Maritime Delimitation: The Bangladesh v. Myanmar Case。Ocean Development & International Law，45(2)，123-170。
10.	Kim, Hyun Jung(2014)。Natural Prolongation: A Living Myth in the Regime of the Continental Shelf?。Ocean Development & International Law，45(4)，374-388。
11.	Kunoy, Bjørn、Heinesen, Martin V.、Mørk, Finn(2010)。Appraisal of Applicable Depth Constraint for the Purpose of Establishing the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf。Ocean Development and International Law，41(4)，357-379。
12.	Kunoy, Bjørn(2011)。Establishment of the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf: Is Crossing Boundaries Trespassing?。The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law，26(2)，313-334。
13.	Kunoy, Bjørn(2012)。The Delimitation of an Indicative Area of Overlapping Entitlement to the Outer Continental Shelf。British Yearbook of International Law，83(1)，61-81。
14.	McDorman, Ted L.(1995)。The Entry into Force of the 1982 LOS Convention and the Article 76 Our Continental Shelf Regime。The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law，10(2)，165-187。
15.	McDorman, Ted L.(2012)。The Continental Shelf Regime in the Law of the Sea Convention: A Reflection on the First Thirty Years。The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law，27(4)，743-751。
16.	MacNab, Ron(2004)。The Case for Transparency in the Delimitation of the Outer Continental Shelf in Accordance with UNCLOS Article 76。Ocean Development and International Law，35(1)，1-17。
17.	Pinto, M. C. W.(2013)。Article 76 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Bay of Bengal Exception。Asian Journal of International Law，3(2)，215-235。
18.	Serdy, Andrew(2011)。The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and its Disturbing Propensity to Legislate。The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law，26(3)，355-383。
19.	Subedi, Surya P.(2011)。Problems and Prospects for the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Dealing with Submissions by Coastal States in Relation to the Ocean Territory Beyond 200 Nautical Miles。The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law，26(3)，413-431。
20.	Yu, Jia、Wu, Ji-Lu(2011)。The Outer Continental Shelf of Coastal States and the Common Heritage of Mankind。Ocean Development & International Law，42(4)，317-328。

圖書
1.	Nordquist, Myron、Nandan, Satya、Rosenne, Shabtai(1993)。United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary。Martinus Nijhoff Publishers。
2.	Oda, Shigeru(1989)。International Control of Sea Resources。Berlin, Heidelberg：Springer Berlin Heidelberg。
3.	Suarez, Suzette V.(2008)。The Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf: Legal Aspects of their Establishment。Berlin, Heidelberg：Springer Berlin Heidelberg。
4.	Tanaka, Yoshifumi(2013)。The International Law of the Sea。New York：Cambridge University Press。
5.	姜皇池(20040000)。國際海洋法。臺北：學林文化。延伸查詢

其他
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6.	Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf(2009)。Summary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Joint Submission Made by France, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Respect of the Area of the Celti，http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/frgbires06/fisu_clcs_recommendations_summary2009.pdf， 2015/09/23。
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9.	Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf(2011)。Summary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Brazil on 17 May 2004 of Information on the Proposed Outer Limits of Its Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles，http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/bra04/Summary_Recommendations_Brazil.pdf， 2015/09/23。
10.	Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf(2012)。Summary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Japan on 12 November 2008，http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/jpn08/com_sumrec_jpn_fin.pdf， 2015/09/23。
11.	Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf(2012)。Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Revised Submission Made by Barbados，http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/brb_10rev2011/brb_10rev2011_summary_recommendations.pdf， 2015/09/23。
12.	Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf(2012)。Summary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Partial Submission Made by the Republic of France in Respect of the Areas of the French Antilles and the Kerguelen Islands，http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/fra09/SUMREC_FRA1_19_04_2012.pdf， 2015/09/23。
13.	Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf(2012)。The Definition of the Continental Shelf and Criteria for the Establishment of Its Outer Limits，http://www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/continental_shelf_description.htm， 2015/05/26。
14.	Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf(2014)。Summary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Ghana，http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/gha26_09/2014_09_05_COM_sumREC_GHA.pdf， 2015/09/23。
15.	Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf(2014)。Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Partial Submission Made by the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark Together with the Government of the Faroes in Respect of the Continental Shelf North of the，http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/dnk28_09/2014_03_14_SCDNK_REC_COM_20140521.pdf， 2015/09/23。
16.	International Court of Justice(1951)。Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v. Norway)，http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/5/1809.pdf， 2015/09/23。
17.	International Court of Justice(1969)。North Sea Continental Shelf (Federal Republic of Germany v. Netherlands)，http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/52/5561.pdf， 2015/09/23。
18.	International Court of Justice(1978)。Aegean Sea Continental Shelf (Greece v. Turkey)，http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/62/6245.pdf， 2015/09/23。
19.	International Court of Justice(1982)。Continental Shelf (Tunisia v. Libyan ArabJamahiriya)，http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/63/6267.pdf， 2015/09/23。
20.	International Court of Justice(1985)。Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. Malta)，http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/68/6415.pdf， 2015/09/23。
21.	International Court of Justice(2002)。Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain)，http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/87/7027.pdf， 2015/09/23。
22.	International Tribunal for the Law of Sea(2012)。Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal，https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_16/C16_Judgment_14_03_2012_rev.pdf， 2015/09/23。
23.	Japan International Cooperation Agency(2014)。The Initiative of BIG-B (The Bay of Bengal Industrial Growth Belt)，http://www.jica.go.jp/bangladesh/english/office/topics/141105.html， 2015/09/23。
24.	Khan, Ahsan ur Rahman(2015)。Evolving Geopolitics of Indian Ocean: In-depth Analysis，http://orientalreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Evolving-Geopolitics-of-Indian-Ocean-In-depth-Analysis.pdf， 2015/09/23。
25.	Persand, Sharveen(2005)。A Practical Overview of Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea，http://www.un.org/depts/los/nippon/unnff_programme_home/fellows_pages/fellows_papers/persand_0506_mauritius.pdf， 2015/05/28。
26.	Roche, Elizabeth Roche(2015)。South China Sea: India backs Vietnam, others against China，http://www.livemint.com/Politics/jwkGhPNL2myXC3f32s5kvK/South-China-Sea-India-backs-Vietnam-others-against-China.html， 2015/09/23。
27.	Sakhuja, Vijay(2010)。Bay of Bengal Littorals in Chinese Strategic Calculus，http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=36603&cHash=8f234e8e18#.VgGEpt-qqko， 2015/09/23。
28.	Song, Sophie(2013)。Myanmar's Economy to Receive Boost From Japanese And Korean Investment，http://www.ibtimes.com/myanmars-economy-receiveboost-japanese-korean-investment-1318389， 2015/09/23。
29.	UN General Assembly(1970)。Declaration of Principles Governing the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction，http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/350/14/IMG/NR035014.pdf?OpenElement， 2015/09/23。

圖書論文
1.	Brekke, Harold、Symonds, Philip A.(2004)。The Ridge Provisions of Articles 76 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea。Legal and Scientific Aspects of Continental Shelf Limits。Leiden：Martinus Nijhoff Publishers。
2.	McDorman, Ted L.(2013)。The Continental Shelf beyond 200NM: A First Look at the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh/Myanmar) Case。The Regulation of Continental Shelf Development: Rethinking International Standards。Leiden：Martinus Nijhoff Publishers。
3.	MacNab, Ron(2000)。Initial Assessment。Continental Shelf Limits: The Scientific and Legal Interface。New York, NY：Oxford University Press。

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