Objective: To conduct a comparison of health-related physical fitness of You De High School's new students of different years for a reference of the school's physical fitness activities and PE teaching. Method: This study used a total of 767 new students (448 male students, 319 female students) of years 2010, 2011, and 2012 as the subject, and based on methods developed by the Ministry of Education as the test standard whilst items include height, weight, BMI (body mass index), sit and reach, bent-knee sit-up, standing broad jump, and run-walk (1600 meters for boys, 800 meters for girls), and findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), one-way analysis of variance, and others. Results: A comparison of health-related physical fitness of boys of different years: Variation among items such as BMI, sit and reach, bent-knee sit-up, standing broad jump, and run-walk did not reach a significant level within three school years. A comparison of health-related fitness of girls of different years: In terms of sit and reach, students of the year 2011 were significantly better than students of the year 2010. In terms of sit-up, students of years 2011 and 2012 were significantly better than students of the year 2010. In terms of standing broad jump, students of the year 2011 were significantly better than students of the year 2010. As for the rest items, the difference in the three school years did not reach a significant level. Conclusion: In terms of health-related fitness among You De High School students of different years, no significant difference was found among boys, but among girls, the performance of students of the year 2010 was significantly poorer. Suggestion: In the future, the design of PE teaching and activity contents should emphasize on courses related to enhancement of students' health-related fitness including flexibility, muscular strength and endurance.