天主教和基督（新）教在不同的時期、不同的傳教背景，以及不同的時空下傳播到中國或華人地區。這場500年前的改革運動以及其後在歐美世界的多元發展，每每在華人地區論及天主教與基督（新）教的差異時，形成對峙的立足點。因為華人基督（新）教從聖經、禮儀，教義等無不有自身的一套解釋，所以在與天主教作比較時，往往都著重於突出彼此的嚴重分歧。不但如此，有時候甚至還引起基督（新）教內部的分裂和迫害，因此梳理清楚這些現象背後究竟存在著哪些似是而非或扭曲的言論，將合一路上的具體障礙一一清掃，才可能有進一步論述合一精神和方式的空間。本論文內容包括：「天主教的話題：基督（新）教的合一運動與反合一運動」、「從普世教協到聖經翻譯：衝突的主要話題」，並以上話題所涉及的主要著作、人物和事件等等。

Christianity, in the forms of Catholicism and Protestantism, has not only reached China and various Chinese communities at different periods, but is also based on different forms of missionary background and ideology. Since the Reformation 500 years ago gave birth to Protestantism, the movement has diversified in various ways in the Western world. In Chinese Christianity, these diversifications have often become standoff points in comparative discourse regarding the differences between Catholicism and Protestantism. Chinese Protestantism has inevitably devised its own unique interpretation and practice in regard to biblical exegeses, catechism, and doctrine. Hence, the discourse of comparison between Catholicism and Protestantism often focuses on their sharp deviations instead of what they hold in common. In addition, such deviations sometimes even cause internal splits and persecution within the Protestant community itself. Therefore, in order to facilitate further conducive discussion of the topic of ecumenical issues, it is necessary to pinpoint and clarify some of the deep underlying misconceptions and twisted arguments in regard to this subject. Hence, this article discusses the important writings, representative figures, and events concerning: 1. Catholicism: ecumenism and anti-ecumenism with regard to Protestantism; 2. From the World Council of Churches to Bible Translation: the epic centers of conflict.