市民社會日益從國家中脫離出來，並發展為一個獨立的領域，是黑格爾與馬克思在他們那個時代所面臨的共同的現實問題，但二者對此解決的方向不同：國家；人類社會。本文分析了黑格爾的「市民社會」向「國家」之過渡以及「國家」自身的局限，並揭示出隱藏在黑格爾的理論中、卻又被他忽視的向「公民社會」發展的可能，而「公民社會」則以某種方式與馬克思的「人類社會」相契合。

Increasing separation of bourgeois society from state was a shared matter of fact in the times of Hegel and Marx, but both turned to solutions to different direction of 'state' or 'human society'. The transition from Hegelian 'bourgeois society' to 'state' and intrinsic limitation of 'state' are explored, and the possibility of development of 'civil society' behind Hegelian theory but neglected by him is revealed, in a certain way, 'civil society' aligns with Marxian 'human society'.