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外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
多邊主義合作的空洞化:論全球暖化治理中「裂解模式」的興起
書刊名:
國際關係學報
作者:
譚偉恩
/
郭映庭
作者(外文):
Tan, Wei-en
/
Kuo, Ying-ting
出版日期:
2018
卷期:
45
頁次:
頁1-28
主題關鍵詞:
國際合作
;
多邊主義
;
裂解模式
;
全球暖化
;
碳排大國
;
International cooperation
;
Multilateralism
;
Fragmentation mode
;
Global warming
;
Larger emitting countries
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
1
點閱:29
一直以來,全球暖化的治理都是建立在多邊主義的國際合作模式之上,儘管參與國之間的經濟發展和產業結構有別,但在《氣候變遷框架公約》與《京都議定書》所形成之「公約—議定書模式」下,北北國家或南北國家間仍可透過不同的溫室氣體減排機制形成合作。然而,一個長期存在的問題是,自2005年《京都議定書》生效以來,全球氣候治理的成效其實非常不理想。而這樣的情況即便在2016年11月《巴黎協定》生效後,也沒有好轉之趨勢。本文指出,目前多邊主義模式下的全球暖化治理已經浮現空洞化,不切實際的制度設計和對暖化治理的理解不當,導致溫室氣體排放量大的國家(以下簡稱碳排大國)一方面在每年年底的全球氣候談判峰會中取得談判立場的優勢或強勢,一方面卻極可能免於承擔具體減排溫室氣體之責任。諷刺的是,若干碳排大國已在「公約—議定書模式」之外另尋雙邊性的「裂解模式」來因應全球暖化,並以此滿足自身的國家利益。經由檢視與分析三個「裂解模式」的合作,本文指出傳統多邊主義架構下的暖化治理應予揚棄,而《巴黎協定》的工作小組應設法在COP24召開期間,透過「裂解模式」提供能滿足碳排大國的合作方案。
以文找文
For quite a while, the issue of governance regarding to global warming has been established on the basis of multilateral cooperation internationally. Despite the gap or difference existing in the level of economic development and domestic industrial structure from country to country, sovereign states, both north-north and north-south, could make a partnership through various reduction strategies under the "convention and protocol mode" within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol (KP). Nevertheless, what was neglected is that the outcome of global warming governance has been far from effectiveness since the KP entered into force in 2005 and has not been changed after the enforcement of the Paris Agreement (PA) in 2016. This paper argues that the governance of global warming based on the multilateralism is increasingly going to be hollowing-out. The flaws of its regime design as well as the misunderstanding of warming governance turn those larger emitting countries into the advantage on the one hand, and into the exception of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide on the other. Ironically, some of such larger emitting countries have cleverly organized the "fragmentation mode" beyond the "convention and protocol mode", which is more effective than multilateralism. In light of three bilateral agreements signed by larger emitting countries, this paper points out that it is necessary to discard current multilateral mode; by contrast, it is better for the Paris Agreement Work Programme to offer a more flexible and feasible mechanism, in which those larger emitting countries are available and willing to deal with warming problems through the "fragmentation mode" rather than multilateral mode from 3-14 December 2018, COP24 in Poland.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Duffield, John(2007)。What Are International Institutions?。International Studies Review,9(1),1-22。
2.
Martin, Lisa L.(1992)。Interests, Power and Multilateralism。International Organization,46(4),765-792。
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Ruggie, John Gerard(1992)。Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution。International Organization,46(3),561-598。
4.
Keohane, Robert O.(1990)。Multilateralism: An Agenda for Research。International Journal,45(4),731-764。
5.
Keohane, Robert O.、Oppenheimer, Michael(2016)。Paris: beyond the climate dead end through pledge and review?。Politics and governance,4(3),142-151。
6.
譚偉恩(20151200)。COP21:《巴黎協定》評述。戰略安全研析,128,49-56。
延伸查詢
7.
Clémençon, Raymond(2016)。The Two Sides of the Paris Climate Agreement: Dismal Failure or Historic Breakthrough?。Journal of Environment & Development,25(1),3-24。
8.
譚偉恩、洪銘德(20150300)。氣候大國左右全球暖化治理成敗:解析美中印三國之戰略互動。戰略安全研析,119,46-56。
延伸查詢
9.
Bodansky, Daniel(2016)。The Legal Character of the Paris Agreement。Review of European, Comparative, and International Environmental Law,25(2),142-150。
10.
Smith, Joel B.、Schneider, Stephen H.、Oppenheimer, Michael、Yohe, Gary W.、Hare, William、Mastrandrea, Michael D.(2009)。Assessing Dangerous Climate Change through an Update of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Reasons for Concern。Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,106(11),4133-4137。
11.
Susan, Solomon、Plattner, Gian-Kasper、Knutti, Reto、Friedlingstein, Pierre(2009)。Irreversible Climate Change due to Carbon Dioxide Emissions。Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,106(6),1704-1709。
12.
Jinnah, Sikina(2011)。Change Bandwagoning: The Impacts of Strategic Linkages on Regime Design, Maintenance, and Death。Global Environmental Politics,11(3),1-9。
13.
Hovi, Jon、Sprinz, Detlef F.、Bang, Guri(2010)。Why the United States Did Not Become a Party to the Kyoto Protocol: German, Norwegian and US Perspectives。European Journal of International Relations,18(1),129-150。
14.
Jamel, Lamia、Derbali, Abdelkader(2016)。Do Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Lead to Environmental Degradation? Evidence from Asian Economies。Cogent Economics & Finance,4(1),5-8。
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Jang, Jinseop、McSparren, Jason、Rashchupkina, Yuliya(2016)。Global Governance: Present and Future。Palgrave Communications,2,(15045)1-(15045)5。
16.
Ghosh, Sajal(2010)。Examining Carbon Emissions Economic Growth Nexus for India: A Multivariate Cointegration Approach。Energy Policy,38(6),3008-3014。
17.
Keohane, Robert O.(1988)。International Institutions: Two Approaches。International Studies Quarterly,32(4),379-396。
18.
Krasner, Stephen D.(1982)。Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes As Intervening Variables。International Organization,36(2),185-205。
學位論文
1.
郭映庭(2018)。公地悲劇、建制設計與跨界環境治理之成敗:以三個大氣相關議題為例(碩士論文)。國立中興大學。
延伸查詢
圖書
1.
Barrett, Scott(2003)。Environment and statecraft: The strategy of environmental treaty-making。Oxford:Oxford University Press。
2.
Victor, David G.(2011)。Global Warming Gridlock: Creating More Effective Strategies for Protecting the Planet。Cambridge University Press。
3.
Rosenau, James N.、Czempiel, Ernst-Otto、張勝軍等(1992)。沒有政府的治理。南昌:江西人民出版社。
延伸查詢
4.
Buckley, Tim、Sharda, Jai(2015)。India's Electricity-Sector Transformation。Cleveland:Institute of Energy Economics and Financial Analysis。
其他
1.
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2.
(2015)。China: Ratification status,http://unfccc.int/tools_xml/country_CN.html。
3.
(2018)。Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data,http://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data。
4.
(20160602)。India & USA Signs MoU to Enhance Cooperation on Energy Security, Clean Energy & Climate Change,http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=145902。
5.
(2016)。India Takes Steps to Curb Air Pollution,http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/94/7/16-020716/en/。
6.
(2008)。Kyoto Protocol--Targets for the first commitment period,http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php。
7.
(2018)。The Kyoto Protocol--Status of Ratification,http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/items/2613.php。
8.
(20181008)。UNFCCC Secretariat Welcomes IPCC's Global Warming of 1.5°C Report,http://unfccc.int/news/unfccc-secretariat-welcomes-ipcc-s-global-warming-of-15degc-report。
9.
Taylor, Lenore,Branigan, Tania(20141112)。US and China Strike Deal on Carbon Cuts in Push for Global Climate Change Pact,http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/12/china-and-us-make-carbon-pledge。
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Tutton, Mark(20181204)。Trump Effect is Hurting Paris Agreement, says Report,http://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/04/europe/trump-effect-paris-agreement/index.html。
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Halsey, Douglas,Strelzyk-Herzog, David,Grant, Trisha(2016)。The Paris Agreement: The Impact on the United States and the EU,http://www.whitecase.com/sites/whitecase/files/files/download/publications/the-parisagreement-the-impact-on-the-united-states-and-the-eu.pdf。
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Doebbler, Curtis(20141222)。The Lima Climate Summit: A Failure in All but Name,http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/12/22/the-lima-climatesummit-a-failure-in-all-but-name/。
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(20181011)。Each Country's Share of CO2 Emissions,https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html。
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Friedrich, Johannes,Ge, Mengpin,Pickens, Andrew(2017)。World's Top 10 Emitters,http://www.wri.org/blog/2017/04/interactive-chartexplains-worlds-top-10-emitters-and-how-theyve-changed。
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(20151212)。Adoption of the Paris Agreement,https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf,(U.N. Doc. FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1)。
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