| 期刊論文| 1. | Horton, D.、Wohl, R. R.(1956)。Mass communication and parasocial interaction: Observation on intimacy at a distance。Psychiatry，19(3)，215-229。   | | 2. | 陳婷玉、王舜偉(20060100)。愚昧無知或享受參與？--廣播賣藥節目的閱聽人分析。傳播與管理研究，5(2)，1-36。 延伸查詢 | | 3. | Kiousis, Spiro(2002)。Interactivity: A Concept Explication。New Media and Society，4(3)，355-383。 | | 4. | Levy, Mark R.(1979)。Watching TV news as para-social interaction。Journal of Broadcasting，23(1)，69-80。 | | 5. | Holmes, S.(2004)。"But this time you choose!": Approaching the "interactive" audience in reality TV。International Journal of Cultural Studies，7(2)，213-231。 | | 6. | McCutcheon, Lynn E.、Ashe, Diane D.、Houran, James、Maltby, John(2003)。A cognitive profile of individuals who tend to worship celebrities。The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied，137(4)，309-322。 | | 7. | Park, N.、Jin, B.、Jin, Seung A. Annie(2011)。Effects of self-disclosure on relational intimacy in Facebook。Computers in Human Behavior，27(5)，1974-1983。 | | 8. | Hartmann, Tilo、Goldhoorn, Charlotte(2011)。Horton and Wohl Revisited: Exploring Viewers' Experience of Parasocial Interaction。Journal of Communication，61(6)，1104-1121。 | | 9. | Tsao, J.(1996)。Compensatory media use: an exploration of two paradigms。Communication Studies，47(1/2)，89-109。 | | 10. | Conway, Joseph C.、Rubin, Alan M.(1991)。Psychological Predictors of Television Viewing Motivation。Communication Research，18(4)，443-463。 | | 11. | Kim, Pyungho、Sawhney, Harmeet(2002)。A machine-like new medium--Theoretical examination of interactive TV。Media, Culture & Society，24(2)，217-233。 | | 12. | Burawoy, M.(1998)。The Extended Case Method。Sociological Theory，16(1)，4-33。 | | 13. | Derrick, J. L.、Gabriel, S.、Hugenberg, K.(2009)。Social surrogacy: How favored television programs provide the experience of belonging。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，45(2)，352-362。 | | 14. | Theran, S. A.、Newberg, E. M.、Gleason, T. R.(2010)。Adolescent girls' parasocial interactions with media figures。The Journal of Genetic Psychology，171(3)，270-277。 | | 15. | Davison, W. P.(1983)。The third-person effect in communication。Public Opinion Quarterly，47，1-13。 | | 16. | De Backer, C. J. S.、Nelissen, M.、Vyncke, P.、Braeckman, J.、McAndrew, F. T.(2007)。Celebrities: from teachers to friends. A test of two hypotheses on the adaptiveness of celebrity gossip。Human Nature，18(4)，334-354。 | | 17. | Kim, J.、Rubin, A. M.(1997)。The variable influence of audience activity on media effects。Communication Research，24(2)，107-135。 | | 18. | Moyer-Gusé, E.、Nabi, R. L.(2010)。Explaining the effects of narrative in an entertainment television program: Overcoming resistance to persuasion。Human Communication Research，36(1)，26-52。 | | 19. | Carpentier, Nico(2001)。Managing Audience Participation The Construction of Participation in an Audience Discussion Program。European Journal of Communication，16(2)，209-232。 | | 20. | Brown, William J.(2015)。Examining Four Processes of Audience Involvement with Media Personae: Transportation, Parasocial Interaction, Identification, and Worship。Communication Theory，25(3)，259-283。 | | 21. | Annese, S.(2004)。Mediated identity in the parasocial interaction of TV。Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research，4(4)，371-388。 | | 22. | Ashe, D. D.、McCutcheon, L. E.(2001)。Shyness, loneliness, and attitude toward celebrities。Current Research in Social Psychology，6，124-132。 | | 23. | Auter, P. J.、Arafa, N.、Al-Jaber, K.(2005)。Identifying with Arabic journalists: How Al Jazeera tapped parasocial interaction in the Arab world。Gazette，67，189-204。 | | 24. | Cohen, E. L.、Tyler, W. J.(2016)。Examining perceived distance and personal authenticity as mediators of the effects of ghost-tweeting on parasocial interaction。Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking，19(5)，342-346。 | | 25. | Eggermont, S.、Vandebosch, H.(2001)。Television as a substitute: Loneliness, need intensity, mobility, life satisfaction, and the elderly television viewer。Communication，27，10-18。 | | 26. | Eyal, K.、Cohen, J.(2006)。When good friends say goodbye: A parasocial breakup study。Journal of Broadcasting and Media，50，502-523。 | | 27. | Eyal, K.、Dailey, R. M.(2012)。Examining relational maintenance in parasocial relationships。Mass Communication and Society，15，758-781。 | | 28. | Fogel, J.、Shlivko, A.(2016)。Reality television programs are associated with illegal drug use and prescription drug misuse among college students。Substance Use & Misuse，51(1)，62-72。 | | 29. | Gardner, W. L.、Knowles, M. L.(2008)。Love makes you real: Favorite television characters are perceived as "real" in a social facilitation paradigm。Social Cognition，26(2)，156-168。 | | 30. | Greenwood, D. N.(2008)。Television as escape from self: Psychological predictors of media involvement。Personality and Individual Differences，44，412-424。 | | 31. | Hoffner, C. A.、Cohen, E. L.(2012)。Responses to obsessive compulsive disorder on Monk among series fans: Parasocial relations, presumed media influence, and behavioral outcomes。Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media，56，650-668。 | | 32. | Hoffner, C. A.、Cohen, E. L.(2015)。Portrayal of mental illness on the TV series Monk: Presumed influence and consequences of exposure。Health Communication，30(10)，1046-1054。 | | 33. | Kokesh, J.、Sternadori, M.(2015)。The good, the bad, and the ugly: A qualitative study of how young adult fiction affects identity construction。Atlantic Journal of Communication，23(3)，139-158。 | | 34. | Liebers, N.、Schramm, H.(2019)。Parasocial interactions and relationships with media characters--An inventory of 60 years of research。Communication Research Trends，38(2)，4-31。 | | 35. | Lin, H. Y.、Chiang, C. H.(2013)。Analyzing behaviors influencing the adoption of online games from the perspective of virtual contact。Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal，41(1)，113-122。 | | 36. | Madison, T. P.、Porter, L. V.(2015)。The people we meet: Discriminating functions of parasocial interactions。Imagination, Cognition and Personality，35，47-71。 | | 37. | Maltby, J.、Houran, J.、McCutcheon, L. E.(2003)。A clinical interpretation of attitudes and behaviors associated with celebrity worship。British Journal of Health Psychology，10，17-32。 | | 38. | Phua, J.(2016)。The effects of similarity, parasocial identification, and source credibility in obesity public service announcements on diet and exercise self-efficacy。Journal of Health Psychology，21，699-708。 | | 39. | Rubin, A. M.(1983)。Television uses and gratifications: The interactions of viewing patterns and motivation。Journal of Broadcasting，27，37-51。 | | 40. | Rubin, A. M.、Perse, E. M.、Powell, R. A.(1985)。Loneliness, parasocial interaction and local news viewing。Human Communication Research，12，155-180。 | | 41. | Shin, Dong-Hee(2016)。Do users experience real sociability through social TV? Analyzing parasocial behavior in relation to social TV。Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media，60(1)，140-159。 | | 42. | Stehr, P.、Rössler, P.、Leissner, L.、Schönhardt, F.(2015)。Parasocial opinion leadership media personalities' influence within parasocial relations: Theoretical conceptualization and preliminary results。International Journal of Communication，9，982-1001。 | | 43. | Sun, T.(2010)。Antecedents and consequences of parasocial interaction with sport athletes and identification with sport teams。Journal of Sport Behavior，33，194-217。 | | 44. | Tian, Qing、Hoffner, Cynthia A.(2010)。Parasocial Interaction With Liked, Neutral, and Disliked Characters on a Popular TV Series。Mass Communication and Society，13(3)，250-269。 | | 45. | Tukachinsky, R.(2015)。When actors don't walk the talk: Parasocial relationships moderate the effect of actor-character incongruence。International Journal of Communication，9，3394-3410。 | | 46. | Tukachinsky, R.、Eyal, K.(2018)。The psychology of marathon television viewing: Antecedents and viewer involvement。Mass Communication and Society，21，275-295。 | | 47. | Turn, L.(2006)。Globalization and logic of participation: Unions and the politics of coalition building。Journal of Industrial Relations，48(1)，83-97。 | | 48. | Van den Bulck, H.(2017)。"She died of a mother's broken heart": Media and audiences' framing of health narratives of heart-related celebrity deaths。International Journal of Communication，11，4965-4987。 | | 49. | Wen, N.、Cui, D.(2014)。Effects of celebrity involvement on young people's political and civic engagement。Chinese Journal of Communication，7，409-428。 | | 50. | 賴筱茜、陳延昇(20150600)。不只是聽廣播：廣播與社群媒介匯流的擬社會互動經驗。廣播與電視，38，1-33。 延伸查詢 | | 51. | 耿慶瑞、丁慧瑩、鄭璧嫻(20120400)。虛擬角色代言人對網路廣告的影響--擬社會互動與產品涉入的干擾效果。資訊管理學報，19(2)，439-473。 延伸查詢 | | 52. | Giles, David C.(2002)。Parasocial interaction: a review of the literature and a model for future research。Media Psychology，4(3)，279-305。 | | 53. | Rubin, Alan M.、Perse, Elizabeth M.(1987)。Audience activity and soap opera involvement: A uses and effects investigation。Human Communication Research，14(2)，246-268。 | 學位論文| 1. | Knowles, M. L.(2007)。The nature of parasocial relationships(博士論文)。Northwestern University。 | 圖書| 1. | Eco, U.(1979)。The role of the reader: Explorations in the semiotics of texts。Indiana University Press。 | | 2. | Andrejevic, M.(2004)。Reality TV: The work of being watched。Lanham, MD：Rowman & Littlefield。 | | 3. | Abercrombie, N.、Longhurst, B.(1998)。Audiences: A sociological theory of performance and imagination。Sage。 | | 4. | Livingstone, Sonia M.、Lunt, Peter(1994)。Talk on Television: Audience Participation and Public Debate。Routledge。 | | 5. | Jenkins, H.(1992)。Textual poachers: Television fans and participatory culture。Routledge。 | | 6. | Peters, John Durham(1999)。Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。 | | 7. | Grubbs, J.(2014)。Watch yourself: Communicating in an increasing parasocial and pararealistic environment。QSKY Publishing。 | | 8. | Rojek, C.(2015)。Presumed intimacy: Parasocial interaction in media, society and celebrity culture。Polity Press。 | | 9. | Sax, D.(2016)。The revenge of analog: Real things and why they matter。Public Affairs。 | | 10. | Zenor, J.(2014)。Parasocial politics: Audiences, pop culture, and politics。Lexington Books。 | | 11. | Radway, Janice A.(1984)。Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature。University of North Carolina Press：Verso。 | 其他| 1. | 吳元熙(20190611)。圈住非電視觀眾！公視、三立找出頻道新玩法，餵飽在地需求，https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/53584/tv-channel-transformation。 延伸查詢 | | 2. | (20131204)。年輕人不愛八點檔，看YouTube首度勝電視，https://tw.appledaily.com/lifestyle/daily/20131204/35481591。 延伸查詢 | 圖書論文| 1. | Rubin, A. M.(2009)。Uses-and-gratifications, perspective on media effects。Media effects: Advances in theory and research。New York, NY：Routledge。 | | 2. | McQuail, D.、Blumler, J. G.、Brown, J. R.(1972)。The television audience: a revised perspective。Sociology of mass communications: Selected readings。Penguin Books。 | | 3. | Burawoy, Michael(1991)。The Extended Case Method。Ethnography Unbound: Power and Resistance in the Modern Metropolis。University of California Press。 | | 4. | Rubin, A. M.(1994)。Media uses and effects: a uses and gratifications perspective。Media effects: advances in theory and research。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。 | | 5. | Jensen, J. F.、Toscan, C.(1999)。[Interactive television: TV of the future or the future of TV?] Introduction。Interactive television: TV of the future or the future of TV?。Aalborg University Press。 | | 6. | Peters, J. D.(2006)。Media as conversation, conversation as media。Media and cultural theory。Routledge。 | | 7. | Rosengren, K. E.(1994)。Media use under structural change。Media effects and beyond: Culture, socialization, and lifestyles。Routledge。 | | 8. | Schiappa, Edward、Allen, M.、Gregg, P. B.(2007)。Parasocial relationships and television: A meta-analysis of the effects。Mass media effects research: Advances through meta-analysis。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。 | | 9. | Rosengren, Karl Erik、Windahl, Swen(1972)。Mass media consumption as a functional alternative。Sociology of mass communication。Penguin。 | |