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題名:新加坡華文教師華語語音分析
書刊名:師大學報
作者:張孝裕
出版日期:1982
卷期:27
頁次:頁235-277
主題關鍵詞:教師華文華語新加坡語音
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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新加坡的華人所操的方言很複雜,其中以福建、潮州、廣東、海南、客家(Hakka)各種方言居多。近年來新加坡政府積極推廣華語,發現華人的華語發音,受到方言的干擾與影響很大,因此,新加坡教育部迫切想提高華文教師的華語水準,於是著手分析研究不同方言背景的教師,他們華語受方言影響的實況,供作改進的參考。 一九八○年十月起教育部與教育學院(Institute of Education)合辦了"華文教師華語語音進修班",我得到劉尚志先生(Mr. Low Siang Chee)和李以星女士(Mdm. Lee Yee Sing)的合作,把"華文教師華語語音進修班"第一屆七十九位學員作為調查和分析的對象。他們都是小學和啟蒙班的華文教師,其中說福建話(閩南話)二十九人,潮州話二十人,廣東話(廣州話)十八人,海南話六人,客家話二人,因為說海南話和客家話的人數太少了,無代表性,因此,只選說福建、潮州和廣東三種方言的七十一位了。 我們首先以說這三種方言的人講華語時,容易犯上聲、韻、調錯誤的,編了些語詞,在這七十一位教師接受語音訓練之前,請他們錄音,希望盡量保存他們原有的語音。當我們聽錄音發現他們發音有錯誤時,就按聲、韻、調分別記錄在特別設計的語音分析表中,然後才作分析、歸納和統計等工作。我們必須根據發音的原理,這三種方言與華語的對應關係,古今音演變的現象以及中國字構造的道理,來作判斷他們發音錯誤的原因,最後才作出結論大致是: 在聲母方面: 四、〔p〕和〔p'〕,〔t〕和〔t'〕,〔k〕和〔k'〕也有錯誤。這是受漢字構造或方言類推的緣故。 五、〔n〕和〔l〕,〔x〕和〔f〕的誤讀都是受到方言與華語不一致的影響。 在韻母方面: 在聲調方面: 一、 把該讀全上的說成半上,這種情形很普遍。 二、 因為三種方言都有入聲,說華語受了干擾,因此,原屬於入聲字的,說華語也像入聲般短促,或像去聲。 三、 屬於聲調不同的岐音異義字,因誤讀而成為調的錯誤。
The "dialects spoken by Chinese in Singapore are varied and complicated Among them are Fukien, Chiaochow, Cantonese, Hannai and Hakka dialects. In recent years, the government of Singapore has launched a campaign of Chinese language teaching. The pronunciation of the Singaporean Chinese is found to have suffered from the interference of different dialects. Therefore, the Ministry of Education of Singapore felt that a program to upgrade the quality of Chinese language teachers was urgently needed. To attain this goal, the first step was to undertake an analysis as to how far the Chinese teachers were influenced by their dialectical background. The result of this analytical survey would be used as a reference for the improvement of Chinese language teaching. In October 1980, Singapore's Ministry of Education and Institute of Educa-tion jointly put forth an advanced program of Chinese Phonetics for Chinese language teachers. In cooperation with Mr. Low Siang Chee and Mdm. Lee Yee Sing, I undertook a survey in which 79 students of the first group of the Chinese Phonetics for Chinese Language Teachers (CPCLT) program answered our question-naires. The 79 persons were themselves teachers of Chinese language of primary schools and pre-school classes. Among them 29 spoke Fukienese, 20 spoke Chiaochow dialect, 18 Cantonese, 6 Hainal dialect, 2 Hakka dialect. Those who spoke Hainan and Hakka dialects were less than representative, and therefore not considered for the survey. The number of students surveyed was reduced to 71. They represented speakers of Fukienese, Chiaochow dialect, and Cantonese. Our survey began with the recording of the 71 teachers, who spoke dialects, before they received formal training of the program, in order to preserve the language (dialect) they used to speak. From the recording we found out some words and phrases whose initial consonants, final vowels and tones were easily mis-pronounced. To examine and analyze the mistakes made by them, we listened to the recording and took note of the mistakes on a specially designed sheet according to their initial consonants, final vowels and tone. Based on the theory of pronuncia-tion, we tried to figure out (1) their corresponding homologues, (2) the change of sound in ancient and modern times, and (3) the structure of Chinese characters. These three elements served as the basis for checking out the causes of mistaken pronunciation. The findings of this survey are categorized into three groups: those of initial consonants, of final vowels, and of tone. Recommendations and suggestions are given for reference in the concluding chapter.
期刊論文
1.陳新雄(19800600)。如何從國語的讀音辨識廣韻的聲韻調。輔仁學誌. 文學院之部,9,109-152。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.陳彭年。廣韻。藝文印書館。  延伸查詢new window
2.段玉裁。說文解字注。蘭臺書局。  延伸查詢new window
3.袁家驊。漢語方言概要。  延伸查詢new window
4.趙元任。語言問題。國立台灣大學文學院。  延伸查詢new window
5.齊鐵恨。同義異讀單字研究。復興書局。  延伸查詢new window
6.鍾露昇。國語語音學。台北:語文出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.王力。漢語音韻。弘道文化事業有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
8.王天昌。漢語語音學研究。國語日報社。  延伸查詢new window
9.王了一。漢語史稿。泰順書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.沈兼士。廣韻聲系。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
11.高本漢、趙元任、李方桂。中國音韻學研究。商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
12.王力。漢語音韻學。  延伸查詢new window
13.董同穌。漢語音韻學。學生書局。  延伸查詢new window
14.陳新雄。中原音韻概要。學海出版社。  延伸查詢new window
15.張孝裕。華語語音學。新加坡教育部:新加坡教育學院。  延伸查詢new window
16.鄭良偉。台語國語字音對應規律的研究。學生書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.王力。古代漢語常識。  延伸查詢new window
18.高慶賜。古代漢語知識六講。  延伸查詢new window
19.方孝岳。漢語語音史概要。  延伸查詢new window
20.羅常培。漢語音韻學導論。  延伸查詢new window
21.王力。廣州話淺說。  延伸查詢new window
22.高華年。廣州方言研究。  延伸查詢new window
23.周德清、劉德智。音注中原音韻。廣文書局。  延伸查詢new window
24.齊鐵恨。破音字講義。橋樑出版社。  延伸查詢new window
25.侯家序。多育多義字涵釋。  延伸查詢new window
26.陳重瑜。常用古入聲字表。南洋大學。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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