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題名：情感與認知一致性及預期討論對態度結構的影響
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：吳正桓
作者(外文)：Wu, Chenghuan
出版日期：1992
卷期：34
頁次：頁29-40
主題關鍵詞：情感；認知；一致性；討論；態度
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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情感(affect)與認知(cognition)均被視爲構成態度的主要成份。本研究推測預期要與別人討論自己態度中的某一成份，因爲維護自我形像的動機提昇，而專注於該成份，會使得該成份變得較爲複雜多面，而較不容易反映在整體態度上。這種情況在情感與認知不一致時，將比一致時更爲明顯。據此，受試者被分配在情感與認知是否一致（一致或不一致）及討論層面（討論情感或認知）所構成的四個組別中，對兩種花生醬產品形成態度。結果顯示在情感與認知不一致組中，預期要討論情感層面，情感測量便與整體態度幾乎毫無相關。預期要討論認知層面時，認知測量便與整體態度沒有顯著的相關。這種態度成份間差異性的相關模式，如所預期的，在情感與認知一致組中，便較不明顯。本研究亦根據上違結果，對情感的優勢性(Zajonc, 1980, 1984)加以討論。
Based on a distinction made between affective and cognitive components of attitude, it was hypothesized that anticipated discussion with others on either component, due to the enhanced motive for self-presentation, would increase the integrative complexity of the focused component and thus, lessen its correlation with the global attitude. It was postulated that this is especially so when the affective and cognitive components are not in agreement ( affective-cognitive inconsistency) than when they are in agreement (affective cognitive consistency ). To test this hypothesis, subjects formed attitudes toward two brands of peanut butter under the conditions of affective-cognitive consistency or inconsistency, and anticipated to discuss with others on their own feelings ( affect ) or beliefs ( cognition) about the products Measures of affect, cognition, and global attitude were taken at each attitude formation phase. As predicted, only in the affective-cognitive inconsistency condition, the components subjects anticipated to present to others were no longer associated with the global attitude as indicated by both the zero-order and partial correlations.
期刊論文
1.Wu, C.、Shaffer, D. R.(1987)。Susceptibility to persuasive appeals as a function of source credibility and prior experience with the attitude object。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，52(4)，677-688。  new window
2.Millar, M. G.、Tesser, A.(1986)。Effects of affective and cognitive focus on the attitude-behavior relation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，51(2)，270-276。  new window
3.Abelson, Robert P.、Kinder, Donald R.、Peters, Mark D.、Fiske, Susan T.(1982)。Affective and Semantic Components in Political Person Perception。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，42(4)，619-630。  new window
4.Snyder, M.、Swann, W. B. Jr.(1976)。When actions reflect attitudes: The politics of impression management。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，34(5)，1034-1042。  new window
5.Breckler, Steven J.、Wiggins, Elizabeth C.(1989)。Affect versus evaluation in the structure of attitudes。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，25，253-271。  new window
6.Zajonc, R. B.(1980)。Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences。American Psychologist，35，151-175。  new window
7.Insko, C. A.、Schopler, J.(1967)。Triadic consistency: a statement of affective-cognitive-conative consistency。Psychological Review，74(5)，361-376。  new window
8.Tetlock, P. E.(1983)。Accountability and complexity of thought。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，45，74-83。  new window
9.Edwards, K.(1990)。The interplay of affect and cognition in attitude formation and change。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，59(2)，202-216。  new window
10.吳正桓(19890600)。態度形成方式與論點數量對說服的影響。中華心理學刊，31(1)，7-18。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Chaiken, S.、Baldwin, M. W.(1981)。Affective-cognitive consistency and the effect of salient behavioral information on the self-perception of attitudes。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，41，1-12。  new window
12.Chaiken, S.、Yates, S.(1985)。Affective-cognitive consistency and thought induced attitude polarization。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，49，1470-1481。  new window
13.Cialdini, R. B.、Levy, A.、Herman, C. P.、Evenbeck, S.(1973)。Attitudinal politics: The strategy of moderation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，25，100-108。  new window
14.Cialdini, R. B.、Levy, A.、Herman, C. P.、Kozlowski, L. T.、Petty, R. E.(1976)。Elastic shifts of opinion: Determinants of direction and durability。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，34(4)，663-672。  new window
15.Katz, D.(1960)。The functional approach to the study of attitudes。Public Opinion Quarterly，24，163-204。  new window
16.Lazarus, R. S.(1982)。Thoughts on the relation between emotion and cognition。American Psychologist，37，1019-1024。  new window
17.Leippe, M. R.、Elkin, R. A.(1987)。When motives clash: Issue involvement and response involvement as determinants of persuasion。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，52(2)，269-278。  new window
18.Sears, D. O.(1967)。Social anxiety, opinion structure, and opinion change。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，7，142-151。  new window
19.Sears, D. O.、Freedman, J. L.、O'Connor, E. F.(1964)。The effects of anticipated debate and commitment on the polarization of audience opinion。Public Opinion Quarterly，28，615-627。  new window
20.Tybout, A. M.、Scott, C. A.(1983)。Availability of well-defined internal knowledge and the attitude formation process: Information aggregation versus self-perception。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，44，474-491。  new window
21.Zajonc, R. B.(1984)。On primacy of affect。American Psychologist，369，117-123。  new window
22.吳正桓(19920000)。態度形成方式對其結構的影響：情感認知及其測量。中華心理學刊，34，41-55。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.Millar, Murray G.、Tesser, Abraham(1989)。The Effects of Affective-Cognitive Consistency and Thought on the Attitude-Behavior relation。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，25(2)，189-202。  new window
24.Breckler, Steven J.(1984)。Empirical Validation of Affect, Behavior, and Cognition as Destine Components of Attitude。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，47(6)，1191-1205。  new window
圖書
1.Smith, M. B.、Bruner, J. S.、White, R. W.(1956)。Opinion and personality。New York：Wiley。  new window
2.Fishbein, M.、Ajzen, I.(1975)。Beliefs, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research。Addison-Wesley Publishing Company。  new window
圖書論文
1.Rosenberg, Milton J.、Hovland, Carl I.(1960)。Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Components of Attitudes。Attitude Organization and Change: An Analysis of Consistency among Attitude Components。Yale University Press。  new window
2.Leventhal, H.(1984)。A perceptual-motor theory of emotion。Advances in Experimental Social Psychology。New York, NY：Academic Press。  new window
3.Zanna, M. P.、Rempel, J. K.(1988)。Attitudes: A new look at an old concept。The social psychology of knowledge。Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Cialdini, R. B.、Petty, R. E.(1981)。Anticipatory opinion dffects。Cognitive responses in persuasion。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。  new window
5.Snyder, M.、DeBono, K. G.(1989)。Understanding the functions of attitudes: Lessons from personality and social behavior。Attitude structure and function。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
6.Zajonc, R. B.、Markus, H.(1984)。Affect and cognition: The hard interface。Emotions, cognition, and behavior。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.Fazio, R. H.、Zanna, M. P.(1981)。Direct experience and attitude-behavior consistency。Advances in experimental social psychology。New York：Academic Press。  new window
8.McGuire, W. J.(1985)。Attitudes and attitude change。Handbook of social psychology。New York, NY：Random House。  new window
 
 
 
 
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