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題名：不同生涯決策型態大學生的決策行為研究--屬性數量變化與訊息呈現方式之效果分析
書刊名：教育心理學報
作者：林正昌 引用關係
出版日期：1995
卷期：28
頁次：頁219-248
主題關鍵詞：訊息處理；選擇行為；決策策略；Information processing；Choice behavior；Decision strategy
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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　　　　　近幾年來，由於受到認知心理學興起的影響，研究決策行為多以探討決策之認知歷程為主。本論文以訊息處理論的觀點，採用歷程追蹤取向之訊息板方法，加以分析決策者在選擇情境中的決策行為。因此，本論文的主要目的有三:(1)探討不同決策型態大學生在決策過程中訊息的使用情形;(2)分析不同決策型態大學生在決策歷程中訊息搜索方式與訊息搜索的變異情形;(3)分析三種不同決策類型大學生之決策法則運用情形，以及影響決策法則運用因素間之交互關係。 本研究採用3×2×3之夷試間實驗設計，從300名大學生受試樣本中，以「職業決策類型問卷」篩選理性型、直覺型、依類型的受試各60位，參加「電腦職業選擇活動」的實驗，實驗同時操弄屬性的數量與訊息呈現式。經過實驗結果的分析，本研究獲致以下幾項結果:(1)受試者的決策行為，包括訊息使用量、訊息搜索方式、訊息搜索的變異性與決策法則的使用不受決策型態、訊息呈現方式與屬性數量三因素交互作用的影響;(2)受試者使用訊息的數量會因決策型態不同而有所差別，且依賴型的受試者使用了較多的訊息量;也會因屬性數量的增多，使訊息的負荷量增加，而導致較少訊息量的使用;當訊息的呈現方式為標準矩陣格式時，決策者搜索了較多的訊息。至於訊息重覆使用量的情形，仍是依賴型的決策者其重覆使用訊息的數量比其他兩型態的決策者為多;然在屬性數量較少的情況下，決策者重覆使用訊息的數量較多;(3)理性型及依賴型的決策者多使用屬性問的搜索方式;當屬性數量增加時，受試者的訊息搜索方式仍以屬性間的搜索為主;而且訊息呈現方式的不同亦產生不同的搜索方式。就搜解的變異性而言，當屬性數量增加特，搜索的變異性也隨之增加。(4)受試者決策法則的使用，主要分別與決策型態及屬性數量的變化有關，而在本研究的受試多使用補償性的決策法則 即加法和加差法則。 本研究的結果，雖未將影響決策行為因素間之交互作用效果提出支持，然單一因素的影響效果已獲得支持。至於其他有關因素是否會影響決者的決策行為，則有待進一步的驗證。
　　　　　 Recently, most researchers have been toward a concern for the cognitive processes underlying decision making because of the development of cognitive psychology. According to information processing theory, process tracing approaches such as information board method was adopted to explore decision-makers' decision behavior under choice situation. Therefore, the purposes of the study are:(1)to explore the amount of information-used by decision makers in choice process;(2)to analyze decision makers' searching patterns and the variability of search in choice process;(3)to analyze decision makers how to use decision rules as well as the relation between rules-used and the factors that influence rules-used. The hypothesis was tested in a 3*3*2 factorial design laboratory study. Subjects were 180 teacher college's students. "Assessment of Career Decision-making Questionnaire" was used to select three types of decision makers from 300 college students. The number of attributes and information display formats were demonstrated in the experiment. The results were as follow: (1) The three factors-decision style, the number of attributes and display formats had no interaction effects on decision behavior. (2)dependent decision makers used much more information and searched information repeatedly than intuitive ones. As the number of attributes per alternative increased, subjects searched less amount of information. Under the condition of standard matrix format, decision makers used much more information and used information repeatedly. (3)Rational and dependent decision makers used interdimensional searching pattern in decision process. As the number of attributes increased, most decision makers searched information interdimensionally and the variability of search increased. And different display formats resulted in different searching patterns. (4)The result revealed that compensatory strategies-AL and AD rules were the dominant mode used by decision makers. The rule-used was related to decision styles and the number of attributes. The study indicated that decision behavior was affected by decision styles, the number of attributes and display formats, even though the contingent processing hypothesis was not supported.
期刊論文
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3.Johnson, Eric J.、Payne, John W.、Bettman, James R.(1988)。Information Displays and Preference Reversals。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process，42，1-21。  new window
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5.Edwards, Ward(1954)。The Theory of Decision Making。Psychological Bulletin，51(4)，380-417。  new window
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7.Payne, John W.(1982)。Contingent Decision Behavior。Psychological Bulletin，92(2)，382-402。  new window
8.Brannick, M. T.、Brannick, J. P.(1989)。Nonlinear and noncompensatory processes in performance evaluation。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes，44，97-122。  new window
9.Christensen-Szalanski, J. J. J.(1980)。A further examination of the selection of problem- solving strategies: The effects of deadlines and analytic aptitudes。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance，25，107-122。  new window
10.Ccnnolly, T.、Serre, P.(1984)。Information search in judgment tasks: The effects of unequal cue validity and cost。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance，34，387-401。  new window
11.Dahlstrand, U.、Montgomery, H.(1984)。Information search and evaluative processes in decision making: A computer based process tracing study。ACTA Psychologica，56(1-3)，113-123。  new window
12.Einhorn, Hillel J.、Kleinmuntz, Don M.、Kleinmuntz, Benjamin(1979)。Linear regression and process tracing models of judgment。Psychological Review，86，465-485。  new window
13.Englander, T.、Tyszka, T.(1980)。Information seeking in open decision situations。ACTA Psychologica，45，169-176。  new window
14.Ford, J. K.、Schmitt, N.、Schechtman, S. L.、Hults, B. M.、Doherty, M. L.(1989)。Process tracing methods: Contributions, problems, and neglected research questions。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes，43(1)，75-117。  new window
15.Herstein, J. A.(1981)。Keeping the voter's limits in mind: A cognitive process analysis of decision making in voting。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，40(5)，843-861。  new window
16.Hoyer, W. D.、Jacoby, J.(1982)。Three-dimensional information acquisition: An application to contraceptive decision making。Advances in Consumer Research，9，618-623。  new window
17.Klayman, J.(1985)。Children's decision strategies and their adaption to task characteristics。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes，35，179-201。  new window
18.Pitz, G.、Sachs, N.(1984)。Judgment and decision: Theory and application。Annual Review of Psychology，35，139-163。  new window
19.Payne, J. W.、Braustein, M. L.(1978)。Risky choice: An examination of information acquisition behavior。Memory and Cognition，6，554-561。  new window
20.Shields, M. D.(1980)。Some effects of information load on search patterns used to analyze performance reports。Accounting, Organization, and Society，5，429-442。  new window
21.Sundstroem, G. A.(1987)。Information search and decision making: The effects of information displays。Acta Psychologica，65，165-179。  new window
22.Beach, L. R.、Mitchell, T. R.(1978)。A contingency model for the selection of decision strategies。Academy of Management Review，3(3)，439-449。  new window
23.Einhorn, H. J.、Hogarth, R. M.(1981)。Behavioral Decision Theory: Processes of Judgement and Choice。Annual Review of Psychology，32，53-88。  new window
24.Levin, I. P.、Johnson, R. D.、Russo, C. P.、Deldin, P. J.(1985)。Framing effects in judgment tasks with varying amounts of information。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes，36(3)，362-377。  new window
25.Pitz, G. F.、Harren, V. A.(1980)。An analysis of career decision making from the point of view of information processing and decision theory。Journal of Vocational Behavior，16(3)，320-346。  new window
26.Payne, J. W.、Braunstein, M. L.、Carroll, J. S.(1978)。Exploring Predecisional Behavior: An Alternative Approach to Decision Research。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance，22，17-44。  new window
27.Pras, B.、Summers, J.(1975)。A comparison of linear and nonlinear evaluation process models。Journal of Marketing Research，12，276-281。  new window
28.Svenson, Ola(1979)。Process descriptions of decision making。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance，23(1)，86-112。  new window
29.Tversky, A.(1972)。Choice by elimination。Journal of Mathematical Psychology，9(4)，341-367。  new window
30.Bettman, James R.、Kakkar, Pradeep(1977)。Effects of information presentation format on consumer information acquisition strategies。Journal of Consumer Research，3(4)，233-240。  new window
31.Slovic, P.、Fishchhoff, B.、Lichtenstein, S.(1977)。Behavioral Decision Theory。Annual Review Psychology，28，1-39。  new window
32.林幸台(19840600)。我國大學生決策型態與職業決策行為之研究。輔導學報，7，41-66。new window  延伸查詢new window
33.Billings, R. S.、Scherer, L. M.(1988)。The effects of response mode and importance on decision making strategies: judement versus choice。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes，41，1-19。  new window
34.Biggs, S. F.、Bedard, J. C.、Gaber, B. G.、Linsmeier, T. J.(1985)。The effects of task size and similarity on the decision behavior of bank loan officer。Management Science，31，970-987。  new window
35.Billings, R. S.、Marcus, S. A.(1983)。Measures of compensatory and noncompensatory models of decison behavior: Process tracing versus policy capturing。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance，31，331-352。  new window
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39.Hunt, R. G.、Krzystofiak, F. J.、Meindl, J. R.、Yousry, A. M.(1989)。Cognitive style and decision making。Organizational Behavior and Human decision processes，44(3)，436-453。  new window
40.Jacoby, J.、Mazursky, D.、Troutman, T.、Kuss, A.(1984)。When feedback is ignored: Disutility of outcome feedback。Journal of Applied Psychology，69，531-545。  new window
41.Johnson, E. J.、Meyer, R. J.(1984)。Compensatory choice models of noncompensatory processes:The effect of varying context。Journal of Consumer Research，11，528-541。  new window
42.Onken, J.、Hastie, R.、Revelle, W.(1985)。Individual differences in the use of simplification strategies in a complex decisionmaking task。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human perception and Performance，11，14-27。  new window
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46.Payne, J. W.(1976)。Task Complexity and Contingent Processing in Decision Making: An information Search and Protocol Analysis。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance，16(2)，366-387。  new window
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學位論文
1.王震武(1986)。選擇歷程中屬性訊息的選取與組合研究(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.洪蘭、曾志朗(1989)。心理學實驗研究法。臺北：遠流出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Taylor, R. N.(1984)。Behavioral decision making。Glenview, Illinois：Scott, Foresman and Company。  new window
3.游伯龍(1987)。行為的新境界。台北：聯經出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.Reed, Stephen K.(1988)。Cognition: Theory and applications。Pacific Grove, CA：Brooks/Cole。  new window
5.Luce, R. D.(1959)。Individual choice behavior。New York：Wiley。  new window
6.金樹人(1988)。生計發展與輔導。臺北市：天馬文化事業有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
7.林清山(1992)。心理與教育統計學。東華書局。  延伸查詢new window
8.Newell, A. J.、Simon, H. A.(1972)。Human problem solving。Prentice-Hall。  new window
圖書論文
1.Montgomery, H.(1984)。Decision rules and the search for a dominance structure: towards a process model of decision making。Analyzing and Aiding decision processes。New York：North-Holland。  new window
2.Payne, J. W.(1980)。Information processing theory: Some concepts and method applied to decision research。Cognitive Process in Choice and Decision Behavior。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。  new window
3.Staelin, R.、Panye, J. W.(1976)。Studies of the information seeking behavior of consumers。Cognition and Social Behavior。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。  new window
4.Klayman, J.(1983)。Analysis of predecisional information search patterns。Analyzing and Aiding Decision Processes。North Holland。  new window
 
 
 
 
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