本文是繼〈中國古代墓葬的「玉兵」〉（簡稱〈兵文〉，刊載於本刊十三卷二期 ）之後的系列文之一；主要是對新石器時代晚期至商代，一種既屬工具又屬武器性質之斧形 玉兵的形制演變作探討，文中使用的分期仍依〈兵文〉之分期。 發軔期之斧形玉兵，其形制仍帶有相當成分的裝飾器性質，外形大體呈墜膽狀，背窄、刃圓 弧、孔小近於背端，略帶柔和感；發展期的斧形玉兵的發展，以兩河下游為中心，形制趨於 穩定、明確，大體可分為窄長方形和寬廣長方形；鼎盛期的斧形玉兵發展以長江下游為重心 ，形制配合裝柄、冒冠、加端飾等，為成套儀式性斧形玉兵的主體，器面寬拓，並有加琢紋 飾者；衰落期斧形玉兵的形制，主要是在側飾和刃部作變化，例如兩側加牙飾，刃部作等分 段等，也構成此期斧形玉兵之特色。

　　　　　This study follows "Ancient Chinese Funerary 'Jade Weapons'" (published in the National Palace Museum Research Ouarterly, vol. 13, no.2) in a series on jade weapons, and primarily discusses the development of the fu- axe from the Late Neolithc period to the Shang Dynasty, in terms of its characteristics as implement and weapon. The paper is divided into four sections based on the four phases of development of jade weapons. In the beginning phase the fu- axe has strong ornamental features. The shape tends to be long and slender with a narrow back and rounded tip, creating a very smooth feel. A small circular perforation can be found on the back edge. In the developmental period, centered around the lower Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, fu of a distinct and steady style were produced, which can be broadly classified as long narrow or long wide tablets. In the flourishing period, centered at the lower Yangtze River, fu were manufactured to be fixed to a shaft or crown, along with additional ritual appendages. These wide-faced axes with carved decor emerged as a significant object in ritual ensembles. By the period of decline, the sides of the blade and the tip of the axe manifest significant changes; serrated edges and segmented blades are characteristic of this period.