「三乘五」的迷題--圖書館目錄卡片之發展及其型制標準之演進_

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題名：	「三乘五」的迷題--圖書館目錄卡片之發展及其型制標準之演進
書刊名：	故宮學術季刊
作者：	宋兆霖
作者(外文)：	Sung, Chao-ling
出版日期：	1996
卷期：	14:2
頁次：	頁77-98+左6-7
主題關鍵詞：	圖書館目錄；卡片目錄；目錄卡片；Library catalog；Catalog, card；Catalog cards
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:2 點閱:34

　　　　　圖書館之源起，肇因於人類延續知識傳承之實際需求。文明的進步乃經驗與知識的累積所致，而經驗與知識的累積往往存在於圖書館典藏之文獻圖書。作為知識與使用者之間的橋樑，圖書館的首要任務，在於備置良善的書刊管理機制，並提供完妥的目錄檢索工具，以期館藏獲得充分利用。自古以來，圖書館文獻典藏與知識播揚功能之發揮，即藉由某種型式之目錄或書目而達成。圖書目錄的歷史悠久，源遠流長，中外皆然；吾人熟知的卡片目錄僅為其諸多型制之一。卡片式圖書目錄是十八世紀西洋文明的產物；它的出現象徵著圖書館目錄演進史中另一波興替更迭的開始－十六世紀中葉以來即盛行的手抄式、書本式目錄自此走向式微之途。時至今日，卡片目錄以其多元化的檢索方式，已使圖書館的館藏參閱工具趨於完備，堪為最具時效性、使用率最高、且最易於維護更新之書目管理系統；然大眾在受用其檢索效益之餘，可曾思及其發展歷程？長約三英吋、寬約五英吋之卡片規格如何演變？它又如何成為全球圖書館目錄卡片之標準？本文旨在簡述卡片目錄自十八世紀以來型制標準之演進及相關規格的發展，或可為吾輩圖書館從業人員與時常使用圖書館的人士參考。

以文找文

　　　　　The library has its genesis in man's need for transmitting knowledge; the progression of civilization is realized as man continues to add to his knowledge base what he learns and discovers. More often than not, the accumulated sum of man's knowledge exists in the form of monographic records that constifute the part and parcel of the libraro. As inter mediaro, between the monographic records and the user who has a need for these resources, the library has as one of its fundamedtal responsibilities the systematic management of bibliographic records and the provision of appropriate utility for effective and speedy retrieval. Towards this end, the librarian has over the centuries been able to come up with many diverse instruments for rendering bibliographic control, a term that is generallo, used with reference to a bibiographic index or catalog. The card catalog that we know so well is one such apparatus, and its emergence in Western librarianship in the 18th century certainly ushered in a new era in bibliographic organization. Not only did it gradually replace the printed catalog that had been so popular since the 16th century, it had been embraced by an ever-increasing number of libraries and eventurally evolved into a worldwide library phenomenon. While it may not be the best bibilographic system, the card catalog has, to be sure, many positive attributes: it is fairly easy to use; it can be simultaneously consulted by many users; it provides more than one access point; it can be brought up to date quickly; to name just a few. Yet, when the library user, whether casual or frequent, fumbles through the cards and enjoys the benefits that the card catalog has to offer, has he ever paused for a moment to think about how the card catalog has become what it is today? Or, for that matter, how those 3-by-5 cards that make up the entire catalog have become what they are today? It is the purpose of this paper to examine the literature of library history, so that the evolution of the library catalog card can be outlined, in the hope that the librarian may obtain a batter understanding of his arsenal and that the interested library user may garner some background knowledge of what he has to deal with if he is to fully explore the wealth of the library.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Cole, G. W.(1900)。An Early French General Catalogue。Library Journal，25，329-331。
2.	張錦郎(19730900)。清末的圖書館事業。國立中央圖書館館刊，6(2)，1-19。延伸查詢
3.	張玉麟(1987)。簡論圖書卡片目錄的產生和發展。圖書館工作與研究，1987(3)，59-63。延伸查詢
4.	Prosser, R. B.(1900)。The Origin of the Card Catalogue: a Brief Note。Library Association Record，2，651。
5.	Fiske, J.(1876)。The Librarian's Work。Atlantic Monthly，38，480-491。
6.	Jordan, F. P.(1904)。History of Printed Catalogue Cards。Public Libraries，9，318-321。
7.	Clapp, Verner W.(1972)。LTP: the Rattle in an Infant's Fist。American Libraries，3(7)，795-802。
8.	Dewey, Melvil(1929)。Cards。Library Journal，54，223。
9.	(1901)。Report of the ALA Publishing Board Remarks by M. Dewey。Library Journal，26，128。
10.	Piez, Gladys T.(1964)。Library Technology Project: Today and Tomorrow。Libri，14(4)，330-336。
11.	Piez, Gladys T.(1965)。LTP: How It Serves Libraries。Library World，66，248-249。
12.	Byrne, Matthew J.(1918)。Coloured Cards for Ephermeral Literature。Library Association Record，20，46。
13.	Rider, Freemont(1938)。The Possibility of Discarding the Card Catalog。Library Quarterly，8，329-345。

學位論文
1.	Heiss, R. M.(1938)。The Card Catalog in Libraries of the United States Before 1876(碩士論文)。University of Illinois。
2.	Ranz, James(1960)。The History of the Printed Book Catalogue in the United States(博士論文)。University of Illinois。

圖書
1.	Landau, Thomas(1968)。Encyclopedia of Librarianship。New York：Hafner。
2.	British Museum(1839)。The British Museum Code of Ninety-one Rules。London：The Museum。
3.	Jewett, Charles C.(1852)。Smithsonian Report on the Construction of Catalogues of Libraries... and Their Publication by Means of Separate, Stereotyped Titles, with Rules and Examples。Washington, DC：The Smithsonian Institution。
4.	Cutter, Charles A.(1876)。Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalog。Washington, DC：Government Printing Office。
5.	American Library Association(1886)。Condensed Rules for a Card Catalog。Chicago：The Association。
6.	Norris, Dorothy May(1939)。A History of Cataloguing and Cataloguing Methods, 1100-1850, with an Introductory Survey of Ancient Times。London：Grafton。
7.	(1791)。Instruction pour procéder à la confection du catalogue de chacune des bibliothèques sur lesquelles les directoires ont dû ou doivent incessamment apposer les scellés。Paris：Imprimerie nationale。
8.	Jewett, Charles C.(1853)。On the Construction of Catalogues of Libraries and Their Publication by Means of Separate, Stereotyped Titles with Rules and Examples。Washington, DC：The Smithsonian Institution。
9.	Harvard College Committee of the Overseers(1864)。Report of the Committee of the Overseers of Harvard College Appointed to Visit the Library for the Year 1863。Boston：The College。
10.	U.S. Library of Congress(1901)。Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1901。Washington, DC：The Library。
11.	Giljarevskij, R. S.(1969)。International Distribution of Catalogue Cards: Present Situation and Future Prospects。Paris：UNESCO。
12.	American National Standards Institute(1969)。USA Standard for Permanent and Durable Library Catalog Cards: Z85.1-1969。Washington, DC：The Institute。
13.	Rider, Freemont(1944)。The Scholar and the Future of the Research Library。New York：Hadham Press。

圖書論文
1.	李瑞良(1993)。過渡期：晚清。中國目錄學史。台北：文津。延伸查詢
2.	呂紹虞(1986)。我國近代目錄學之發展（自鴉片戰爭至民國三十八年）。中國目錄學史稿。台北：丹青。延伸查詢
3.	Shera, Jesse H.(1976)。Up the Centuries from Sumer。Introduction to Library Science。Littleton, Colo：Libraries Unlimited。
4.	Johnson, Elmer D.、尹定國(1983)。巴比倫及亞述圖書館。西洋圖書館史。台北：學生。延伸查詢
5.	Hanson, Eugene R.、Daily, Jay E.(1970)。Catalogs and Cataloging。Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science。New York：Marcel Dekker。
6.	Gates, Jean Key、高禩熹(1980)。古代。圖書館事業導論。台北：文史哲。延伸查詢
7.	Harris, Michael H.(1984)。Greek Libraries。History of Libraries in the Western World。Metuchen, NJ：Scarecrow Press。
8.	Jackson, Sydney L.(1974)。The Middle Ages to 1225。Libraries and Librarianship in the West: a Brief History。New York：McGraw-Hill。
9.	Johnson, Elmer D.、尹定國(1983)。早期大學圖書館。西洋圖書館史。台北：學生。延伸查詢
10.	Johnson, Elmer D.、尹定國(1983)。羅馬圖書館。西洋圖書館史。台北：學生。延伸查詢
11.	陳威博(1993)。西方圖書館史。中國大百科全書--第廿五冊：圖書館學、情報學、檔案學。台北：錦繡。延伸查詢
12.	Johnson, Elmer D.、尹定國(1983)。修道院及大教堂圖書館。西洋圖書館史。台北：學生。延伸查詢
13.	Johnson, Elmer D.、尹定國(1983)。中古時代的私人圖書館。西洋圖書館史。台北：學生。延伸查詢
14.	Gates, Jean Key、高禩熹(1980)。活字印刷術。圖書館事業導論。台北：文史哲。延伸查詢
15.	Jackson, Sydney L.(1974)。The Renaissance and Reformation。Libraries and Librarianship in the West: a Brief History。New York：McGraw-Hill。
16.	彭斐章(1993)。目錄。中國大百科全書--第廿五冊：圖書館學、情報學、檔案學。台北：錦繡。延伸查詢
17.	Gates, Jean Key、高禩熹(1980)。十七世紀至二十世紀。圖書館事業導論。台北：文史哲。延伸查詢
18.	Hessel, Alfred(1955)。The Reformation and the Seventeenth Century。A History of Libraries。New Brunswick, NJ：Scarecrow Press。
19.	Harris, Michael H.(1984)。European Libraries: Expansion and Diversification to 1917。History of Libraries in the Western World。Metuchen, NJ：Scarecrow Press。
20.	Jackson, Sydney L.(1974)。The Seventeenth Century。Libraries and Librarianship in the West: a Brief History。New York：McGraw-Hill。
21.	Johnson, Elmer D.、尹定國(1983)。公元一五零零年以後的公共圖書館。西洋圖書館史。台北：學生。延伸查詢
22.	Pope, Elspeth(1975)。Library Catalog Cards。Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science。New York：Marcel Dekker。
23.	Jackson, Sydney L.(1974)。The Beginnings of Great Change。Libraries and Librarianship in the West: a Brief History。New York：McGraw-Hill。
24.	James, M. S. R.(1925)。The Progress of the Modern Card Catalog Principle。The Library and Its Content。New York：H.W. Wilson。
25.	Jackson, Sydney L.(1974)。The Later Nineteenth Century。Libraries and Librarianship in the West: a Brief History。New York：McGraw-Hill。
26.	楊威理(1988)。1870-1945年的圖書館。西洋圖書館史。北京：商務印書館。延伸查詢
27.	Robinson, Otis Hall(1876)。College Library Administration。US. Bureau of Education, Public Libraries in the United States of America: Their History, Condition and Management。Washington, DC：Government Printing Office。
28.	Lane, W. C.(1896)。Cataloging。Papers Prepared for the World's library congress held at the Columbian exposition。Washington, DC：Government Printing Office。
29.	Gopinath, M. A.(1978)。Ranganathan, Shiyali Ramamrita。Encyclopedia of Library and information Science。New York：Marcel Dekker。

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