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來源文獻資料
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外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
社會學習論的道德發展觀與教育
書刊名:
公民訓育學報
作者:
沈六
作者(外文):
Sheen, Liow
出版日期:
1998
卷期:
7
頁次:
頁27-65
主題關鍵詞:
社會學習論
;
道德發展
;
道德教育
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
4
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
4
共同引用:0
點閱:74
社會學習論者將道德視為道德行為。他們視人類天生是中性的,由環境決定一切,包括人格、氣質、興趣、與動機都是經驗的結果,且道德或不道德亦是經由學習而得。社會學習論者主張社會決定是非善惡;社會視其生存為最優先,故維持社會秩序就是最大的善;破壞社會秩序就是最大的惡;對社會有利的行為即是道德;對社會有害的行為即是不道德。道德或不道德行為與其他行為相同,都是環境制約的產物,亦就是可經由古典制約、工具制約、模仿、觀察、替代性作用、增強作用、認同作用、與辨別學習而得。社會學習論者藉兒童判斷標準的改變說明道德判斷發展的改變,而影響兒童判斷的重要因素隨情境不同而異。在一個特殊的社會情境中,道德判斷包含考慮與衡量各種不同標準的複雜歷程。社會學習論認為道德判斷因時間與情境的不同而其變項亦不同。兒童的主觀與客觀判斷會隨著情境不同而異,此種現象為學前兒童直到成人時期皆如此。家庭與學校的道德教育方法可藉觀察學習、模仿、控制環境、古典制約、刺激類化作用、反應類化作用、情緒類化作用、工具制約、行為改變技術、直接教導、家庭文化環境、系統減敏感法、楷模的示範作用等歷程,以養成兒童或學生的道德行為。
以文找文
Social learning theorists believe that the society determines what is right and what is wrong, what is good and what is evil. Society takes as its highest priority its own survival, and for this reason the preservation of the social order becomes the greatest good and the destruction of the social order becomes the greatest evil. To be moral is to act in ways that benefit the society; to be immoral is to act in ways that harm the society. Moral behaviors are learned responses, and the learning does not differ in kind from the learning of all other behaviors. Moral behaviors are learned when the child is in a good environment. The amoral infant becomes capable of morality by training, example, reward, and punishment. By imitating the actions of appropriate models and by being reinforced for behaviors deemed bad by the society, the child learns to be a moral person. Consistent and extensive training in good behaviors will result in good habits that persist into adulthood. Social learning theorists account for developmental changes in moral judgments by changes in a child's criteria for judgment, such as intentions, clumsiness, amount of damage, and long-range consequences. Moral judgment involve a complex process of considering and weighing various criteria in a given social situation. Thus, moral judgment are expected to be much more variable from time to time and from situation to situation within a social learning framework. In some situations the child makes subjective judgment and in other situations makes objective judgments. This is true from preschool age through adulthood.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Bandura, A.(1967)。Behavioral psychotherapy。Scientific American,216,78-86。
2.
Bandura, A.、McDonald, F. J.(1963)。The influence of social reinforcement and the behavior of models in shaping children's moral judgments。Journal of Abnormal an social psychology,67,274-281。
3.
Bandura, A.、Ross, A. D.、Ross, S. A.(1961)。Transmission of aggression through imiation of aggressive models。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,63,575-582。
4.
Dorr, D.、Fey, S.(1974)。Relative power of symbolic adult and peer models in the modification of children's moral choice behavior。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,29,335-341。
5.
Eysenck, H. J.(1960)。The development of moral values in children: The contribution of learning theory。British Journal of Educational Psychology,30,11-21。
6.
Gewirtz, J. L.、Baer, D. M.(1958)。The effect of brief social deprivation on behavior for a social reinforcer。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,56,49-56。
7.
Leon, M.(1984)。Rules mothers and sons use to integrate intent and damage information in their moral judgments。Child Development,55,2106-2113。
8.
Lepper, M. R.、Greene, D.、Nisbett, R. E.(1973)。Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic rewards。Journal of Personality and social Psychology,28,129-137。
9.
Rubenstein, E. A.(1983)。television and behavior。American Psychologist,38,820-825。
10.
Yussen, S. R.(1974)。Determinants of visual attention and recall in observational learning by preschoolers and second graders。Developmental Psychology,10,93-100。
會議論文
1.
Collins, J. L.(1982)。Self-efficacy and ability in achievement behavior。The meeting of the American Educational Research Association。
2.
Kessler, K.、White, G. M.、Rosenthal, T. L.、Phibbs, J.(1973)。Modeling and overt practice in training a rule-creating rubric。meeting of the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association。Las Vegas。
3.
Perry, D. G.(1989)。Social learning theory。the meeting of the society for research in child development。Kansas City, MO.。
學位論文
1.
Ormiston, L. H.(1972)。Factors determining response to modeled hypocrisy(博士論文)。Stanford University。
圖書
1.
Dollard, J.、Doob, L. W.、Miller, N. E.、Mowrer, O. H.、Sears, R. R.(1939)。Frustration and aggression。New Haven, CT:Yale University Press。
2.
Dollard, J.、Miller, N. E.(1950)。Personality and Psychotherapy。New York:McGraw-Hill。
3.
Glueck, S.、Glueck, E.(1974)。Of delinguency and crime。Springfield, IL:C.C. Thomas。
4.
Kurtines, W. M.、Gewirtz, J. L.(1995)。Moral development。Boston:Allyn and Bacon。
5.
Miller, P. H.(1993)。Theories of developmental psychology。New York:W.H. Freeman and Company。
6.
Rosenthal, T. L.、Zimmerman, B. J.(1978)。Social learning and cognition。New York:Academic Press。
7.
Sears, R. R.、Maccoby, E. E.、Levin, H.(1957)。Patterns of child rearing。Evanston, IL:Row, Peterson。
8.
Sears, R. R.、Rau, L.、Alpert, R.(1965)。Identification and child rearing。Stanford:Stanford University Press。
9.
Skinner, B. F.(1938)。The Behavior of organisms。New York:Appleton Centrury Crofs。
10.
Skinner, B. F.(1953)。Science and human behavior。New York:Macmillan。
11.
Skinner, B. F.(1974)。About beharviorism。New York:Alfred A. Knopf。
12.
Skinner, B. F.(1978)。Reflections on behaviorism and society。Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall。
13.
Whiting, J. M.、Child, I. L.(1953)。Child training and personality。New Haven, CT:Yale University Press。
14.
Miller, N. E.、Dollard, J.(1941)。Social Learning and Imitation。New Haven, Connecticut:Yale University Press。
15.
Bandura, Albert(1977)。Social Learning Theory。Prentice-Hall, Inc.。
16.
Bandura, Albert、Walters, Richard H.(1963)。Social Learning and Personality Development。Holt, Rinehart and Winston。
17.
Bandura, Albert(1986)。Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory。Prentice-Hall, Inc.。
圖書論文
1.
Bandura, A.(1971)。Vicarious and self-reinforcement processes。The nature of reinforcement。New York:Academic Press。
2.
Bandura, A.(1989)。Social cognitive theory。Annals of Child development。Greenwich, CT:JAI Press。
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