Tadiai-Antei(1856-1928), a famous Japanese scholar of late nineteenth century, came to Taiwan during the period when Japan ruled over Taiwan. He worked in the Department of Industrial Development in the Government-general. In the early stage of colonial years, Government-general conducted a survey on the inter-regional migration project for Taiwan's industrial development. Tadiai- Antei was in charge of the research on Eastern Taiwan, and the final product was the "taitung Colony Survey Report". This article tries to clarify three important issues addressed by Tadiai- Antei in his endeavor to representation Eastern Taiwan by analyziing the research process and content of his report. The first issue is the political context for the development of this "colony" survey in the early Japanese ruling period. The second is the formation and practice of Tadiai-Antei knowledge of natural history as a scholar. The third is on the possible problems Tadiai-Antei encountered, especially the local social network during his field study on Eastern Taiwan. As was pointed out by Levin, Tadiai-Antei report was not only a final product for "directions for colony survey" plan of the Government-general, but also was a rich text of natural history. At the same time, the Yaesan(八重山) and southern island survey reports which Tadiai-Antei published before he came to Taiwan also constitute an important references when he tried to resurface Eastern Taiwan. Furthermore, as an Meiji intellectural elite, Tadiai-Antei displayed the cultural imagination of "Japanese nationalism" during his knowledge construction.