研究包含兩項實驗分別探討情境意識眼動測量技術在檢驗個體差異和任務難度差異中的優勢。實驗一采用情境意識評價技術和整體情境整體評價技術,測驗新手、專家組飛行員特技飛行時的情境意識差異,實驗二同樣采用上述測驗方法檢驗專家組飛行員在不同難度特技飛行時的情境意識差異,兩項實驗同時都監測被試的眼動過程。結果發現,(1)情境意識評價技術結果不能反映個體差異,能反映任務難度差異;(2)情境整體評價技術結果能夠反映個體差異,不能反映任務難度差異;(3)經驗和任務難度都影響飛行員的視覺取樣策略和編碼信息加工。眼動數據結果與情境整體評價技術的結果相互印證,可以確定眼動測量技術可測驗情境意識,且相對于其他方法,眼動測量方法有更為廣泛的差異敏感性。

With two experiments,the present study examined the sensitive advantages of eye tracking situation awareness method compared with two other measures,such as Situational Awareness Rating Technique( SART),Situation Global Assessment Technique( SGAT).The first experiment checked the individual differences,and the second checked the task difficulty differences. Results are three-folded. First,SART was not sensitive in distinguishing SA differences between experts and novices,but sensitive to task difficulty. Second,SAGAT was sensitive to individual differences,but not sensitive to task difficulty.Third,there were group differences between experts and novices in both visual sampling strategy and coding information procession,and there were also task differences in both of visual sampling strategy and coding information procession. Given that,the results from eye movement and SAGAT confirmed each other,and it is reasoned to conclude that eye movement data can track the situation awareness in the aviation working environment.Thus,the results suggest that eye movement measurement of situation awareness is sensitive both to individual and task differences.